Задание 4. Опишите, какие объекты архитектуры вы видите на рис. 35.

A megalopolis (sometimes improperly called a megapolis) or megaregion is typically defined as a chain of roughly adjacent metropolitan areas. The term was used by Patrick Geddes in his 1915 book Cities in Evolution, by Oswald Spengler in his 1918 book, The Decline of the West, and Lewis Mumford in his 1938 book, The Culture of Cities, which described it as the first stage in urban overdevelopment and social decline. Later, it was used by Jean Gottmann in 1954, to describe the chain of metropolitan areas along the northeastern seaboard of the U.S. extending from Boston, Massachusetts through New York City, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and ending in Washington, D.C. and Northern Virginia.

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A megalopolis, also known as a megaregion, is a clustered network of cities. Gottmann defined its population as 25 million. Doxiadis defined a small megalopolis a similar cluster with a population of about 10 million. America 2050, a program of the Regional Plan Association, lists 11 megaregions in the United States and Canada. Literally, megalopolis in Greek means a city of exaggerated size where the prefix megalorepresents a quantity of exaggerated size. Megapolitan areas were explored in a July 2005 report by Robert E. Lang and Dawn Dhavale of the Metropolitan Institute at Virginia Tech. A later 2007 article by Lang and Nelson uses 20 megapolitan areas grouped into 10 megaregions. The concept is based on the original Megalopolis model.

Modern interlinked ground transportation corridors, such as rail and highway, often aid in the development of megalopolises. Using these commuter passageways to travel throughout the megalopolis is informally called megaloping. This term was coined by Davide GadrenИand Stefan Berteau.

metropolitan area or two or more metropolitan areas that converge. The terms conurbation, metropolis and metroplex are also applied to the latter.

A megacity is usually defined as a metropolitan area with a total population in excess of ten million people.ДA megacity can be a single

As of 2013, there are 24 megacities in existence according to the

Population Reference Bureau. The largest of these are the metropolitan areas of

Tokyo, Delhi, Mexico City, New York and Shanghai: each of these has a

Задание 3. Определить, какие модели аннотирования применимы к следующей информации: Tokyo is the largest metropolitan area, while Shanghai is the largest city proper:

The author mentions…

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The author stipulates that…

The author outlines…

The author examines how…

Задание 4. Какие из представленных ниже предложений можно описать, используя следующую модель аннотирования: Everybody knows that…:

-As of 2013, there are 24 megacities in existence according to the Population Reference Bureau.

-The terms conurbation, metropolis and metroplex are also applied to the

latter.

-A megalopolis, also known as a megaregion, is a clustered network of

cities.

Задание 5. Продолжите предложения:

-A megalopolis (sometimes improperlyДcalled a megapolis) or megaregion is…

-Modern interlinked ground transportation corridors,…

-A megacity is usually definedАas…б И

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public parcel of land adjoining buildings in an urban context, on which people may freely assemble, interact, and move about. A street can be as simple as a level patch of dirt, but is more often paved with a hard, durable surface such as concrete, cobblestone or brick. Portions may also be smoothed with asphalt, embedded with rails, or otherwise prepared to accommodate non-pedestrian traffic.

The street is a public easement, one of the few shared between all sorts of people. As a component of the built environment as ancient as human habitation, the street sustains a range of activities vital to civilization. Its roles are as numerous and diverse as its ever-changing cast of characters.

Streets can be loosely categorized as main streets and side streets. Main streets are usually broad with a relatively high level of activity. Commerce and public interaction are more visible on main streets, and vehicles may use them for longer-distance travel. Side streets are quieter, often residential in use and character, and may be used for vehicular parking.

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