Lexicology_Exam
.docxLexicology. Examination Questions.
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Theoretical questions
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The word as the basic unit of language, controversial points, the definition
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Lexicology as a branch of linguistics (object and aims, branches of lexicology). Theoretical and practical value of lexicology
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Methods of lexicology
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The connection between meaning and form (motivation).
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Types of meaning
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The structure of meaning. Componential analysis.
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Patterns of polysemy
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Semantic change, its types and causes
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Types of semantic relations
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Synonyms, types of differences, neutralisation
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Groups of words similar in denotative meaning (hyponyms, cohyponyms, correlation “part – whole”, antonyms, conversives, semantic derivatives, associative groups)
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Groups of words similar in connotative meaning (emotionally coloured/emotionally neutral vocabulary, thematical groups, terminological systems, neologisms/archaisms)
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Homonyms (criteria for identifying, sources, types), paronyms, lexical variants
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Stylistically marked vocabulary
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Political correctness in the English language
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Native words, classification, typical features
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Causes, classification and periods of borrowing
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Criteria of borrowings
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Assimilation of borrowings
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Influence of borrowings on the English language
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History and new trends of English lexicography
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The main problems of lexicography
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Types of dictionaries
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The structure of the dictionary and the dictionary entry
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Standard English variants & British dialects
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American English
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Word-Building as a Branch of Linguistics. The Basic Units & Concepts of WB.
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The Morpheme as the Basic Unit of Word-Formation, its Types.
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Word Fission. Types of Morphemic Fission.
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The Meaning of Affixes. Classification of Prefixes.
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Affixation. Classification of Suffixes.
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Hybrids. Combining Forms. Allomorphs.
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Morphemic & Word-Formation Analyses.
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The Method of IC.
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The Basic Elementary Units of the Derivative Structure of Words.
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Word –Building Patterns.
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The Main Structural Types of English Words
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Compounding in English. Patterns & Types. Semi-Affixes.
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Compounding. Historical Changes.
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The Criteria of Compounds.
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Conversion as a Typically English Way of Word-Building. The Definition & the Term.
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Semantic Correlations in Convertive Pairs. Criteria of Semantic Derivation.
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Shortening.
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Minor WB Processes.
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Neologisms in Modern English. Structural Peculiarities of New Vocabulary Units.
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Phraseology as a Branch of Linguistics. Set Expressions & Free Word Combinations.
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Classification of Set Expressions / Smirnitsky/
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Classification Systems of Set Expressions by Vinogradov, Arnold, Amosova
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Koonin’s Classification of Phraseological Units.
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Ways of Forming Set Expressions. Specific Features Securing their Stability.
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Communicative Phraseological Units.
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The Sources of Set Expressions.(Be ready to name at least 10 set expressions from the Bible & 10 from Shakespeare)
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Practical tasks
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Analyse shifts of meaning in the following words
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Identify the pattern of polysemy and illustrate it with a diagram.
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Decide which of the following meanings belong to the same word. How many homonyms are presented here?
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Identify the types of homonyms
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Arrange the given words into synonymic groups. Identify types of differences between the synonyms. Find the synonymic dominant.
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What are the stylistic characteristics of the italicised words?
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Define the degree of assimilation of the following words.
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Pick out borrowed words and state their origin.
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Analyze the structure of the following compounds, comment on the degree of motivation
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Sort out the compounds into endocentric and exocentric.
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Define the way of word-building
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Classify the phraseological units in the terms of a certain classification system
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Analyze the words into the IС /UC
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Define the direction of derivation & the semantic correlations in the pairs of words.
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Sort out phraseological units and free word combinations
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Sort out compounds and free word groups.
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Analyze the type of morphemic fission