Заперечна форма

Заперечна частка not ставиться після першого допоміжного дієслова.

The letter is not written (every day).

The letter was not written (yesterday).

The letter will not be written (tomorrow).

The letter is not being written (now).

The letter was not being written (at 5 o’clock yesterday).

The letter has not been written (already).

The letter had not been written (by 5 o’clock yesterday).

The letter will not have been written (by 5 o’clock tomorrow).

Запам’ятайте! У пасивному стані лише допоміжне дієслово змінюється за часом.

Див. таблицю часових форм дієслів у пасивному стані в додатку 3 (Appendix III).

Запам’ятайте прислів’я з Passive Voice!

Marriages are made in heaven. The road to hell is paved with good intensions.

Вправа 4. Заповніть пропуски дієсловом to be у потрібній формі та перекладіть речення.

1. Our laboratory ___ provided with all necessary equipment next year. 2. These modern houses ___ built last year. 3. My friend ___ asked at the lesson yesterday. 4. The old houses ___ reconstructed in our city now. 5. We ___ offered an interesting work tomorrow. 6. This novel ___ written by Charles Dickens. 7. When ___ Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute founded? 8. The newspapers ___ usually brought in the morning. 9. An interesting problem ___ discussed at the last lecture. 10. The academic year ___ divided in two terms. 11. The experiments ___ completed by the end of the week. 12. Metallic objects ___ attracted by a magnet.

Вправа 5. Змініть речення з активу в пасив, не змінюючи часової форми дієслова.

1. Bob mailed the package yesterday. – The package ___ by Bob yesterday. 2. Mr. Butler delivers mail. – Our mail ___ by Mr. Butler. 3. The children have eaten the cake. – The cake ___ by the children. 4. Linda is writing a letter at the moment. – A letter ___ by Linda at the moment. 5. The jeweler is going to fix my watch. – My watch ___ by the jeweler. 6. Ms. Bond will teach our class. – Our class ___ by Ms. Bond. 7. That company employs many people. – Many people ___ by that company. 8. The secretary is going to fax the letters. – The letters ___ by the secretary. 9. Microsoft Company has hired Sue. – Sue ___ by Microsoft Company. 10. Our university students took the exams last week. – The exams ___ by our university students last week. 11. Mr. Adams had done the work by Friday. – The work ___ by Mr. Adams by Friday. 12. Mrs. Fox is washing the windows now. – The windows ___ by Mrs. Fox now.

14.5. Домашнє завдання

Вправа 6. Перепишіть речення у пасивному стані.

1. The Earth attracts the Moon. 2. Shevchenko wrote “Kateryna”. 3. They will build the palace. 4. Students have translated the texts at home. 5. The teacher is examining the student at the moment. 6. The BBC was broadcasting the news from 8 till 8-30 p.m. 7. They had tested the device by 6 o’clock. 8. The antivirus programme will check all the files only by the evening.

Вправа 7. Розкрийте дужки та поставте дієслова у потрібній формі пасиву.

1. Those books (to return) to the library yesterday. 2. The patient (to take) to the hospital last week, and (to operate) on tomorrow morning. 3. This instrument (to check) two times a year. 4. Litter must not (to leave) here. 5. This newspaper (not to read) because the pages (not to cut). 6. Dictionaries may not (to use) at the examination. 7. Usually the experiments (to carry out) every day, but they (not to make) yesterday. 8. Thousands of new houses (to build) every year. 9. These methods often (to apply) in production.

Вправа 8. Складіть розповідь про освіту в Україні, використовуючи активні слова та словосполучення.