Check your understanding Exercise 1. True or false?

1. Images can’t be generated sequentially by point-by-point scanning, they can be produced only simultaneously.

2. To the ancients, the processes of image formation were full of mystery.

3. In the 19^th century scientists discovered that rays of light traveled in straight lines.

4. Today’s concept of an image is more convenient to regard an image as being composed of overlapping patterns of varying frequencies and contrasts.

5. Gauss published his classical book on geometrical optics, in which he expounded the concept of the theory of relativity.

Exercise 2. Choose the correct answer.

1. Who published a book on optics in which some important principles of geometrical optics were postulated? When did it happen?

   1. Johannes Kepler did it in 1604.

   2. James Gregory did it in 1663.

   3. Christian Dopler did it in 1842.

   4. Roger Bacon did it in 1262.

2. What is the today’s concept of an image?

   1. An image is considered as innumerable separate points of light.

   2. An image is formed when something reaches from the eye to the object and vice versa.

   3. An image is considered as a combination of real and virtual images.

   4. An image is being composed of overlapping patterns of different frequencies.

3. Who and how laid the foundation for the formal procedures of lens design?

   1. Isaac Newton having created the corpuscular theory of light.

   2. Gauss having made the geometrical theory of light, which was later extended to the calculation of five principal aberrations.

   3. Maxwell having found the equations for electromagnetic field, that helped to identify optics with electromagnetism.

   4. Gabor having developed the theory of holography.

Increase your vocabulary

Exercise 1. Give the definitions to the following.

1. An optical image is …

2. A real image is …

3. A virtual image …

Exercise 2. Compare two columns and choose the matching words and word-combinations.

1	2
1) bend	луч
2) cardinal points	излагать
3) converge	задержка
4) expound	действительный
5) extended object	отклоняться
6) external object	вычислять
7) focal length	поле зрения
8) field of view	изотропность
9) flicker	ощущение
10) intermittence	движение
11) nonuniformity	внешний объект
12) overlap	сходиться
13) principal aberrations	распространяться
14) real	мнимый
15) scan	отображение
16) sensation	фокусное расстояние
17) simultaneously	неравномерность
18) travel	протяжённый объект
19) virtual	просматривать
20) ray	мелькание
21) motion	основные аберрации
22) transmit	передавать
	кардинальные точки
	перекрываться
	одновременно