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Текст 2. The foundation of softbank

Masayoshi Son was born in Kyushu, Japan in 1957. He is the founder of SOFTBANK, Japan's leading software distributor. I spent a long time doing research and making business plans before I started the company. I was living in Kyushu at the time. It was 1979 and I'd just come back from the States. I had no income and all my family and friends were worried. They couldn't understand why I wasn't doing anything, but I was thinking. I'd gone to the States to study when I was 16. I went to Oakland, California for a couple of years first, then transferred to Berkeley where I graduated. I met my wife while I was studying English in Oakland and by the time we came back to Kyushu we had a new baby. She was worried too. I had come up with 40 new business ideas - everything from creating software to setting up hospital chains – but I didn't know which to start. I wanted a business I could fall in love with. It had to be unique and original. It had to have great growth potential. I had about 25 points like this and I took a big sheet of paper and gave each business idea scores. Then I picked the best one. It turned out to be the personal computer software business. So in 1981 we finally moved to Tokyo and I started SOFTBANK. NOTES: software – программное обеспечение; PC – персональный компьютер.

TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH: 1. Кампания Softbank является ведущей по распространению программного обеспечения для персональных компьютеров. 2. Они не могли понять, почему я ничего не делаю. 3. Сначала я отправился в Калифорнию, затем переехал в Беркли. 4. Я хотел заниматься делом, которое любил. 5. Я выбрал лучшее.

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TEXT №1

Land, Labor, Capital

In our study of business, it is necessary to understand the four basic factors of production. These four factors are land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship. What is meant by these four terms?

In order to produce things, it is necessary to use land. It refers not only to a piece of real estate where we might build a factory, but it also means all the raw materials used for production.

Labor refers to the use of mental or physical work to produce goods. Most labor changes raw materials into finished products and then distributes these to buyers. In industrialized countries, labor is generally more mental than physical.

In everyday language, capital means several things. The most general meaning is wealth or money. But it also refers to the equipment that money purchases. As one of the basic factors of production, capital is all of the things that workers use in production and distribution. It includes their tools, machines, and buildings such as factories and warehouses where goods are produced and stored.

Capital, therefore, refers to anything which helps to produce and distribute goods.

TEXT №2

Entrepreneurship

Putting together land, labor, and capital to make something of value, is called entrepreneurship. The entrepreneur is the person responsible for controlling and directing the other three factors. The entrepreneur does not make things which his own hands unless he is also a worker. In a business the workers take orders from the entrepreneur. He is the leader, and the employees follow his direction.

Entrepreneurship includes some other important activities. The entrepreneur is responsible for initiating business activity. He must begin his business by bringing together the land, labor, and capital.

Next, he must manage the business by deciding the general policies for business operation.

In order to be successful, an entrepreneur must also be innovative. He must look for new products or new ways of making things, and new methods of distribution, or he must offer new services. He must be able to decide on the value of things which other people invent, whether it is a new toy, a new method of filing, or a new way of advertising.

Finally, he bears all the risks of the business.

Everyone connected with a business shares in the risks of the business. When a company goes bankrupt, that is, becomes unable to pay its debts, it causes problems for many people. It is hard for employees who may have to seek work elsewhere; the customers must look for another place to buy their products; creditors usually lose some of the money that they have lent to the company.

Английский язык. Задание №3