Vocabulary

electrical engineering – электротехника;

to encompass - окружать; заключать;

software engineering - разработка программного обеспечения; программотехника;

integrated circuit - интегральная схема;

to carry out - выполнять, осуществлять; приводить в исполнение;

feedback control system - система управления с обратной связью;

control actuator - исполнительный механизм системы управлени;

electric actuator - электрический привод, электропривод;

relay – реле;

electrically operated - с электроприводом; электрический;

electric current - электрический ток;

double-throw - перекидной (о контакте);

transformer - 1) преобразователь; 2) трансформатор;

coupled - двойной, парный, сдвоенный, спаренный;

varying – переменный;

primary winding - первичная обмотка;

flux - поток; течение;

secondary winding - вторичная обмотка;

to induce - индуцировать, наводить; возбуждать;

electromotive force - электродвижущая сила;

mutual induction - взаимоиндукция, взаимная индукция;

induction motor - асинхронный двигатель;

alternating current motor - двигатель переменного тока;

to supply - снабжать; поставлять;

dc motor - (электро)двигатель постоянного тока;

dc source - источник постоянного тока;

torque - вращающий момент; крутящий момент; изгибающий момент;

polyphase induction motors, which are frequently used in industrial drives.

to distinguish – различать;

slip rings - токособирательные (контактные) кольца;

dc power - мощность постоянного тока;

permanent - долговременный, перманентный, постоянный;

life-span - время жизни, продолжительность жизни

II. Answer the following questions:

1) What are the 3 major engineering disciples?

2) Why did integrated microcontroller circuit replace most of electromechanics devices?

3) What is relay and how does it work?

4) What types of transformers do you know?

5) How is the EMF created?

6) What are the main parts of induction motor?

7) What are the advantages and disadvantages of DC motor?

8) What is the difference between Induction motor and Synchronous motor?

III. Insert the missing words into the sentences and translate them:

1. … combines the sciences of electromagnetism of electrical engineering and mechanics.

2. This refers to the 3 major engineering disciples of … engineering, … engineering and … engineering under which all other engineering disciples are classified.

3. Electric current through the … creates a magnetic field which attracts a lever and changes the switch contacts.

4. … is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through …-the transformer's coils.

5. This varying magnetic field induces a varying electromotive force or "…" in the secondary winding.

6. An induction motor (or…) is a type of alternating current motor where power is supplied to the rotor by means of ….

7. An induction motor is sometimes called a rotating transformer because the … is essentially the primary side of the transformer and the … is the secondary side.

8. Advantages of a brushed DC motor include … .

9. A … is an AC motor distinguished by a rotor spinning with coils passing magnets at the same rate as the … and resulting magnetic field which drives it.

10. They are used in analog … where correct time is required.

IV. Translate the following sentences and ask questions to indicated words:

1. Electromechanics combines the sciences of electromagnetism of electrical engineering and mechanics.

2. Chips have replaced most electromechanical devices, are used in most simple feedback control systems.

3. A simple electromagnetic relay consists of a coil of wire surrounding a soft iron core, an iron yoke, a movable iron armature, and a set, or sets, of contacts.

4. The transformer is based on two principles: firstly, that an electric current can produce a magnetic field and secondly that a changing magnetic field within a coil of wire induces a voltage across the ends of the coil.

5. A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductors – the transformer's coils.

6. An induction motor (or asynchronous motor) is a type of alternating current motor where power is supplied to the rotor by means of electromagnetic induction.

8. Induction motors are now the preferred choice for industrial motors due to their rugged construction, absence of brushes and the ability to control the speed of the motor.

7. The induction motor with a wrapped rotor was invented by Nikola Tesla in 1882 in France.

8. A DC motor is an electric motor that runs on direct current (DC) electricity.

9. Advantages of a brushed DC motor include low initial cost, high reliability, and simple control of motor speed.

10. Disadvantages are high maintenance and low life-span for high intensity uses.

V. Agree or disagree with the following statements.

1. Mechanical engineering refers to the larger discipline which includes chemical engineering, and other related disciplines.

2. Electrical engineering also encompasses chemical engineering.

3. Chips have replaced most electromechanical devices only because they are smaller.

4. A relay is an electrically operated switch.

5. Electric current through the coil of the relay creates an electric field.

6. A transformer is a device that makes the electricity.

7. An induction motor is a type of alternating current motor where power is supplied to the rotor by means of electromagnetic induction.

8. In a DC motor this power is supplied to the armature directly from the socket.

9. The brushed DC motor generates torque directly from DC power supplied to the motor.

10. A synchronous motor is like an induction motor except the rotor is excited by a DC field.

VI. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English:

1. Электромеханические преобразователи — это устройства, преобразующие электрическую энергию в механическую и наоборот.

2. Различают электрические, пневматические, механические виды реле, но наибольшее распространение получили электрические (электромагнитные) реле.

3. Принцип действия трансформаторов основан на законе электромагнитной индукции М. Фарадея.

4. Трансформаторы подразделяют на силовые, разделительные, согласующие, измерительные трансформаторы тока или напряжения.

5. Асинхронные машины — наиболее распространённые электрические машины.

6. Трехфазный асинхронный двигатель состоит из двух частей: неподвижной (статора) и подвижной (ротора).

7. Основной недостаток асинхронных двигателей - высокий пусковой ток.

8. Двигатель постоянного тока — электрическая машина, преобразующая электрическую энергию постоянного тока в механическую энергию.

9. Двигатели постоянного тока различаются по способу коммутации обмоток возбуждения: независимое, параллельное, последовательное и смешанное включения обмоток возбуждения.

10. Синхронная машина — это электрическая машина переменного тока, частота вращения ротора которой равна частоте вращения магнитного поля, создаваемого током статора.

VII. Render the text.

TEXT 4

I. Read and translate the text: