- •8.070801 Екологія та охорона навколишнього середовища
- •7.091607 Біотехнологія
- •7.091604 Хімічна технологія палива I вуглецевих матеріалів
- •Text 1. The National Aviation University
- •The Institute of Municipal Activity
- •Faculty of Ecological Safety
- •Useful to know
- •Section 2
- •Text 2. Education Today
- •Useful to know Derivations
- •Section 3 Text 3. New Education Demands
- •Useful to know
- •Section 4
- •Text 4. Higher Education in the uk
- •Useful to know
- •Section 5
- •Text 5. Higher Education in the United States
- •Useful to know
- •Appendix 1 Word-building Suffixes
- •Prefixes
- •Appendix 2 Prepositions of Time
- •Appendix 3 Present Tenses (теперішні часи) Present Indefinite (Simple) (теперішній неозначений (простий))
- •Present Continuous (теперішній тривалий)
- •Present Perfect (теперішній доконаний)
- •Present Perfect Continuous (теперішній тривалий доконаний)
- •Appendix 4 Past Tenses (минулі часи) Past Indefinite (Simple) (минулий неозначений (простий))
- •Past Continuous (минулий тривалий)
- •Past Perfect (минулий доконаний)
- •Past Perfect Continuous ((минулий тривалий доконаний)
- •Appendix 5
Present Perfect Continuous (теперішній тривалий доконаний)
Вживаємо, коли дія почалася в минулому і ще не закінчилася на момент мовлення
(підмет + доп. дієслова (have\has + been) + присудок з ing (verb+ing))
Індикатори: since 1992, for a long time
Positive (ствердження) |
Negative (заперечення) |
Interrogative (питання) |
||||||
I |
have |
been reading |
I |
have not |
been reading |
Have |
I |
been reading |
You |
have |
You |
have not |
Have |
You |
|||
He |
has |
He |
has not |
Has |
He |
|||
She |
She |
She |
||||||
It |
It |
It |
||||||
We |
have |
We |
have not |
Have |
We |
|||
They |
have |
They |
have not |
Have |
They |
1. Без ing: hate, like, love, trust, agree, see, be, feel, hear, wish, know, believe, find, remember, look, contain etc.
2. do not = don’t, is not = isn’t, have not = haven’t, has not = hasn’t
Appendix 4 Past Tenses (минулі часи) Past Indefinite (Simple) (минулий неозначений (простий))
Вживаємо, коли дія відбувалася або відбувалася в минулому
(підмет + дієслово+ed/II форма; допоміжне дієслово - did)
Індикатори: yesterday, last week, last year, last summer, the other day
Positive (ствердження) |
Negative (заперечення) |
Interrogative (питання) |
||||
I |
worked/wrote |
I |
did not work/write |
Did |
I |
work/ write |
You |
You |
You |
||||
He |
He |
He |
||||
She |
She |
She |
||||
It |
It |
It |
||||
We |
We |
We |
||||
They |
They |
They |
Past Continuous (минулий тривалий)
Вживаємо, коли дія відбувалась, тривала в певний момент часу в минулому
(підмет + доп.дієслово (was/were) + присудок з ing (verb+ing))
Індикатори: from 6 till 7, at 2 o’clock, at midnight, this/that time last year
Positive (ствердження) |
Negative (заперечення) |
Interrogative (питання) |
||||||
I |
was |
working |
I |
was not |
working |
Was |
I |
working |
You |
were |
You |
were not |
Were |
You |
|||
He |
was |
He |
was not |
Was |
He |
|||
She |
She |
She |
||||||
It |
It |
It |
||||||
We |
were |
We |
were not |
Were |
We |
|||
They |
were |
They |
were not |
Were |
They |