Appendix 5
Numerical Expressions
US |
GB and other European |
1000000000 = 109 a/one billion |
countries |
a/one thousand million(s) |
|
[ə/w n biljən] |
[ə/w n 'θaυznd 'miljən(z)] |
1000 000 000 000 = 1012 |
|
a/one trillion |
a/one billion |
[ə/w n triljən] |
[ə/w n biljən] |
1000 000 000 000 000 = 1015 |
|
a/one quadrillion |
a/one thousand billion(s) |
[ə/w n kwɒdriljən] |
[ə/w n 'θaυznd 'biljən(z)] |
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 1018 |
|
a/one quintillion |
a/one trillion |
[ə/w n kwin'tiljən] |
[ə/w n triljən] |
VULGAR FRACTIONS |
DECIMAL FRACTIONS |
|
1/8 |
an/one eighth |
0.125 (nought) point one two five |
|
[ə/w n eitθ] |
[n t pɔint w n tu faiv] |
1/4 |
a/one quarter |
0.25 (nought) point two five |
|
[ə/w n kw tə] |
[n t pɔint tu faiv] |
1/3 |
a/one third |
0.33 (nought) point three three |
|
[ə/w n θ d] |
[n t pɔint θri θri ] |
1/2 |
a/one half |
0.5 (nought) point five |
|
[ə/w n ha f υʃ h f] |
[n t pɔint faiv] |
3/4 |
three quarters |
0.75 (nought) point seven five |
|
[θri kw təz] |
[n t pɔint sevən faiv] |
Notes: 1. In the spoken forms of vulgar factions, the versions and a half/ quarter/third are preferred to and one half/quarter/third whether the measurement is approximate or precise. With more obviously precise factions like 1/8, 1/16, and one eighth/sixteenth is normal. Complex fractions like 3/462, 20/83 are spoken as three over four-six-two; twenty over
81
|
eighty-three, especially in mathematical expressions, e.g. |
|
twenty-two over seven for 22/7. |
|
2. When speaking ordinary numbers we can use zero, nought |
|
or oh [əυ] for the number 0; zero is the most common US |
|
usage and the most technical or precise form, oh is the least |
|
technical or precise. In using decimals, to say nought point |
|
five for 0.5 is a more precise usage than point five. |
|
3. In most continental European countries a comma is used in |
|
place of the GB/US decimal point. Thus 6.014 is written |
|
6,014 in France. A space is used to separate off the thousands |
|
in numbers larger than 9999, e.g. 10 000 or 875 380. GB/US |
|
usage can also have a comma in this place, e.g. 7,500,000. |
|
This comma is replaced by a full point in continental |
|
European countries, e.g. 7.500.000. Thus 23,500.75 (GB/US) |
|
will be written 23.500,75 in France and Russia. |
|
Appendix 6 |
|
Reading Mathematical Symbols |
1/2 |
a (one) half |
1/6 |
a (one) sixth |
3/4 |
three fourths |
0 |
[əυ] = nought [n t] = zero [zirəυ] |
0.5 |
(nought) point five |
0.004 |
(nought) point two noughts four = two oes [əυz] four = point |
|
zero zero four |
0.28nought point twenty eight
2.50two point five (nought)
53.46 |
fifty-three point four six = five three point four six |
10,000 |
ten thousand |
a0 |
a to the power of zero |
a2 |
a squared |
a3 |
a cubed |
10-5 |
the minus fifth power of ten = ten to the minus fifth power |
102 |
ten to the second (power) = ten squared |
10-1 |
ten to the minus first (power) |
103 |
ten to the third (power) = ten cubed |
a = b |
a equals b = a is equal to b |
a ≠ b |
a is not equal to b |
a > b |
a is greater than b |
82
a < b a >> b a << b a ≈ b
аb a + b
a – b a × b a ÷ b
a
b ab/ cd
[a] (a) ( ) [ ]
%
52% dx
∫
∫∫
( x2 )m y3
a
3
a
ln x log x
log102 = 0.30103
a is less than b
a is much greater than b a is much less than b
a is approximately equal to b a sub b = a subscript b
a plus b a minus b
a times b = a multiplied by b a divided by b
a over b
a times b over с times d a in brackets
a in parentheses round brackets square brackets per cent fifty-two per cent differential of x the integral of
double integral
x squared divided by у cubed in parentheses to the m-th (power)
square root of a
third (cube) root of a
natural logarithm of x (common) logarithm of x
logarithm of two to the base ten is nought point three nought one nought three
Appendix 7
Measurements (Inantimate)
in |
inch(es) |
sq in |
square inch(es) |
cu in |
cubic inch(es) |
ft |
foot/feet |
sq ft |
square foot/feet |
cu ft |
cubic foot/feet |
83
yd |
yard(s) |
sq yd |
square yard(s) |
cu yd |
cubic yard(s) |
— |
mile(s) |
— |
square mile(s) |
— |
— |
mm |
millimetre(s) |
mm2 |
square |
mm3 |
cubic |
cm |
|
cm2 |
millimetre(s) |
cit3/cc |
millimetre(s) |
centimetre(s) |
square |
cubic |
|||
m |
metre(s) |
m2 |
centimetre(s) |
m3 |
centimetre(s) |
square metre(s) |
cubic metre(s) |
||||
km |
kilometre(s) |
km2 |
square |
— |
— |
|
|
|
kilometre(s) |
|
|
Appendix 8
Weights and Measures
length |
Metric |
GB and US |
|
|
|
||
10 millimetres (mm) |
= 1 centimetre (cm) |
= 0.3937 inches (in) |
|
100 centimetres |
= 1 metre (m) |
= 39.37 inches or |
|
|
|
1.094 yards (yd) |
|
1000 metres |
= 1 kilometre (km) |
= 0.62137 miles or |
|
surface |
|
about 5/8 mile |
|
= 1 are (a) |
= 0.0247 acres |
||
100 square metres |
|||
(m2) |
|
|
|
100 acres |
= 1 hectare (ha) |
= 2.471 acres |
|
100 hectares |
= 1 square kilometre (km2) |
= 0.386 square |
|
weight |
|
miles |
|
|
|
||
10 milligrams (mg) |
= 1 centigram (cg) |
= 0.1 543 grains |
|
100 centigrams |
= 1 gram (g) |
= 15.4323 grains |
|
1000 grams |
= 1 kilogram (kg) |
= 2.2046 pounds |
|
1000 kilograms |
= 1 tonne |
= 19.684 cwt |
|
capacity |
|
= 1.75 pints or |
|
1000 millilitres (ml) |
= 1 litre (1) |
||
|
|
2.101 US pints |
|
10 litres |
= 1 decalitre (dl) |
= 2. 1997 gallons or |
|
|
|
2.63 US gallons |
84