Edinburgh.

Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland. It has a beautiful old city centre and a castle that lies on a hill above the city. In the castle you can see the statues of two Scottish heroes: Robert Bruce and William Wallace (known from the film Braveheart). Several famous people were born in Edinburgh, for example Alexander Graham Bell (who invented the telephone), Tony Blair (Prime Minister) and Arthur Conan Doyle (who wrote the Sherlock Holmes stories). By the way, J. K. Rowling wrote her first Harry Potter book in an Edinburgh coffee-shop.

1. My friend … (be) to Edinburgh three times.

2. Some years ago he … (study) English there.

3. Last month he … (visit) some friends in Edinburgh.

4. Unfortunately, I … (can / not) go to Edinburgh with him.

5. This is a pity. They are my friends, too, and I … (see / not) them for ages.

Task 5. Write 7-10 sentences about what you did or didn’t do yesterday.

Task 6. Write about your past experiences – places, sports, food, jobs, etc.

Grammar Minimum 3 Present Simple Passive and Past Simple Passive

	Present Simple (be + Part.II)	Progressive (be + being + Part.II)	Perfect (have + been + Part.II)
Present	It is checked.	It is being checked.	It has been checked.
	It isn’t checked.	It isn’t being checked.	It hasn’t been checked.
	Is it checked?	Is it being checked?	Has it been checked?
	-настоящее	- настоящее	- прошедшее
	Past Simple (was/were + Part.II)
Past	It was checked.	It was being checked.	It had been checked.
	It wasn’t checked.	It wasn’t being checked.	It hadn’t been checked.
	Was it checked?	Was it being checked?	Had it been checked?
	- прошедшее	- прошедшее	- прошедшее
Future	It will be checked.
	It won’t be checked.
	Will it be checked?
	- будущее

Passive Voice is used when the object of the action is more important than the subject. Present Simple Passive is used to talk about present facts; Past Simple Passive is used to talk about past actions.

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. G. Bell invented the telephone.	1. The telephone was invented by G. Bell.
2. They produce ICs in this company.	2. ICs are produced in this company

Task 1. Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.

1.They open the building at 7 a.m. 2. She paid a lot of money for this work. 3. I drew a picture on each page. 4. They wear sport shoes at PE classes. 5. Teachers don’t help students at exams. 6. He didn’t open the book. 7. My mother doesn’t write emails. 8. Does your dad pick you up? 9. Did the police officer catch the thief?

Task 2. Complete the sentences (Active or Passive Voice). You must either use Simple Present or Simple Past.

The Statue of Liberty … (give) to the United States by France. It … (be) a present on the 100th anniversary of the United States. The Statue of Liberty … (design) by Frederic Auguste Bartholdi. It … (complete) in France in July 1884. In 350 pieces, the statue then … (ship) to New York, where it … (arrive) on 17 June 1885. The pieces … (put) together and the opening ceremony … (take) place on 28 October 1886. The Statue of Liberty … (be) 46 m high (93 m including the base). The statue … (represent) the goddess of liberty. She … (hold) a torch in her right hand and a tablet in her left hand. On the tablet you … (see / can) the date of the Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776). Every year, the Statue of Liberty … (visit) by many people from all over the world.

Task 3 . Rewrite these Active sentences into Passive.

1. The author of this article chose 25 most significant chips.

2. E.I. used TMC0281 to build its interplanetary communicator.

3. TI sold its speech synthesis chip line to Sensory in 2001.

4. You can find Speak and Spell Units in excellent condition on eBay for just US$50.

5. IBM chose the 16 bit CPU for its original PC line.

6. Rafi Retter and Dany Star altered the 8086 chip to an 8-bit bus.

7. They first used the 8088 in IBM Model 5150, a monochrome machine.

Task 4. Write about one of the devices or discoveries made by a famous scientist.

Grammar Minimum 4