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The entrance space group. The lobby is an important element

from which the development of museum space begins. It is here where excursion routes begin and finish, and a visitor begins to get the first impression of the museum from here.

It should be noted that the peculiarity of the entrance group of the museum building or complex is that it must be designed both for mass and non-mass excursions.

In this regard, the lobby should be functional and planned. It

includes: cloak rooms; places for meeting excursion groups and individual visitors; information service, rest and ticket check, ticket offices, buffets, stores selling catalogues, books and souvenirs, sanitary units.

Exhibition halls

The exhibition halls are the main rooms of the museum, which form the architectural composition of the building and its artistic image. The architectural and spatial construction of halls - size, shape, a system of relationships between them, with the rest of the rooms and the surrounding space. It is determined by the specificity of the exhibition. The general requirements for exhibition halls are:

-spatial and artistic planning of halls in accordance with themes of exhibitions;

-possibility to organize an end-to-end route throughout

museum and selective study of main halls;

-possibility of transformation in the structure of halls in time in connection with exhibition changes;

-connection with open exhibition;

inclusion in the structure of the exhibition halls of special recreation areas and rooms for exhibition preparation and storage.

The exhibition area for 1 visitor is 3-4 m2.

Height of ordinary exhibition halls is equal 4-5 m, large halls - 6-8 m. The height of the exhibition exposition is 1.50-1.70 m at a distance of 0.8-0.9 m from the floor. Length of exposition must not exceed 20-50 m.

Small museums (with an exhibition area of up to 500 m2) must be provided with possibility of exhibition organization.

Loading of exhibition area is equal 50-60%. The removal of the viewer from the exhibit is usually equal to the double height of the exhibit. The integrity of visual perception of the exhibition space is limited to 24 m.

The excursion route may be obligatory, free, or combined.

Recommended Ratios of the exhibition space:

Temporary exhibition halls are integral part of modern museums providing more specific information.

Therefore, if the permanent museum exhibitions are updated every 7-10 years.

Frequent change of exhibition, changes of its requirements determine the need for even more versatility of temporary exhibition halls compared to permanent halls. Exhibition halls must be adapted for installation of a wide variety of structures and equipment. The exhibition hall should be as close as possible to the lobby or even have a separate entrance. It is desirable to provide special rooms to room exhibition equipment, temporary storage packaging of exhibits and various preparatory works at exhibition halls.

Functional and technological exhibition halls must be connected with fund storage and workshops.

Fund storage is a block of premises, including storage facilities for various types of exhibit rooms: an exhibit acceptance room, an insulator, a disinfection chamber, a photo lab, a scientific library and archive, working rooms. The area of ​ ​ the storage facilities is 1/2 of exhibition areas, while 20% of the storage units of the fund are located in the exhibition halls.

Composition and interconnection of fund storage :

1 - entrance; 2 - unloading area; 3 - exhibit reception room;

4 - monitoring; 5 - equipment storage rooms; 6

-storage of materials; 7 - insulator; 8 – sanitary chamber; 9 - working room with catalogs;

10 - scientific archive; 11-12

-offices of the fund manager and employees;

13 - storage by type of exhibits; 14 - service entrance; 15 - entrance to the exhibition; 16 - entrance to lab and workshops

BONNEFANTEN MUSEUM,

MAASTRICHT (NETHERLANDS), ALDO ROSSI, 1990-1994