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Paris-Val de Saint Higher State School of Architecture, Architect F. Borel, 2006

MUSEUM AND EXHIBITION BUILDINGS

The architectural concept of a museum building depends on any

type of its display. This determines the specificity and basic nature of the operation of the exposition. At the same time, in modern conditions, when an interdisciplinary vector has been identified and implemented a gateway to dialogue and interculture, a museum building often turns into a universal center of communication for interests, and for different age and social groups of the population. So, there are universal rooms and multifunctional rooms in museums / They are characteristic of buildings with a different functional purpose: educational and production workshops, media theaters, games. Domestic and foreign experience has many museums of scientific and technical achievements. Such buildings are considered as multifunctional leisure centers.

The contents of the exhibits and the servicing of visitors are

the basis of the museums, determine the structure, composition and area of ​ ​ the premises. When designing museums, the principle of maximum separation of two main technological flows should be consistently implemented: the route of visitors and the ways of moving exhibits and personnel.

Content of museum activities

URBAN PLANNING SOLUTION

For museum buildings, three main types of accommodation can be identified, depending on the urban planning situation:

-in the park area - island, free accommodation;

-location in the area of the reconstructed development;

-accommodation in the cultural center of the city.

The museum should be as isolated as possible from the urban environment, protected by green spaces and provided with air filtration and air conditioning system. The site of the museum when placing it in urban buildings should be clearly distinguished.

In the island position of the building, the boundaries of the site are transparent. In case the museum is located in the park, it

forms organic unity with it. The site of the museum should allow developing the building in the future. The required area of ​ ​ the museum site depends on the size and collection types.

The museum site is divided into the following functional zones: entrance, exposition, recreation, storage, facilities.

The entrance zone. The entrance to the museum should be at least 15 m away from the red line. This is an area for psychological restructuring, sometimes with open-air exhibits.

The exposition zone is most important with functional and compositional viewpoints. Exposition on the museum site may be

rely near the building, or may be connected to the street for the purpose of attracting the public. Most often, the exposition is located near the building, occupying the courtyards and the undeveloped part of the first floor - galleries, aisles, etc.

The recreation zone is intended for relaxation after studying of the exposition.

It can be combined with the entrance area in case of isolation of the latter from the city, it can also be close to the open exposition.

The facility zone is designed to room the engineering services needed by the museum: a heat station, a transformer substation, as well as warehouses and garages. Modern trends are aimed at abandoning a developed facility zone: technical premises should, if possible, be placed in the basement of the building. Its placement is recommended from the side of getting exhibits.

In the European model the public spaces of museums are named: the museum Square​ in Amsterdam, the museumquarter in Vienna, the museum park in Bergen, the museum bank in Frankfurt am Main, the Museum island in Berlin and Stockholm. The key concept is "museum," the second word means the type of public space organization: island, park, bank, etc.

Exposition Area and Territory Size

Most common area ratios of functional areas of the site

MUSEUM Square in AMSTERDAM