- •Automobile
- •Introduction
- •Vocabulary to be remembered
- •Unit 1 automobile industry
- •Introduction
- •Vocabulary to be remembered
- •1. Read and translate the text
- •2. Translate into English.
- •3. Fill in the gap with the necessary word.
- •4. Find synonyms to the following verbs.
- •Read the sentences from the text where they were used.
- •Retell the text. History of the Automobile Industry
- •Vocabulary to be remembered
- •Henry Ford and Mass Production
- •Vocabulary to be remembered.
- •Power System
- •Vocabulary to be remembered
- •A. Engine
- •Engine Types
- •Fuel Supply
- •Vocabulary to be remembered.
- •Read and translate the text
- •Match two parts of the sentences using the information from the text
- •D. Exhaust System Read the text paying attention to the words given. Learn these words by heart.
- •E. Cooling and Heating System
- •Drivetrain
- •Vocabulary to be remembered.
- •A. Transmission
- •B. Front- and Rear-Wheel Drive
- •Unit IV Support Systems
- •Vocabulary to be remembered.
- •A. Suspension System
- •B. Wheels and Tires
- •Unit V Control Systems
- •Vocabulary to be remembered.
- •B. Brakes
- •Study the meanings of the word skid and try to use the word combinations in your own sentences.
- •1) А) заносить (об автомобиле) It was raining hard, and the car skidded badly. — Шел сильный дождь, и машину сильно заносило.
- •2) Предотвращать движение (колес) с помощью тормозного башмака.
- •Unit VI
- •Match the following meanings of the techniques that need electricity.
- •Vocabulary to be remembered.
- •Unit VII Safety Features
- •Unit VIII Supplementary reading. History
- •Internal-Combustion Engine
- •Early Electric Cars
- •Automobiles in the 20th Century
- •New Technologies
Unit VI
Electrical System
Match the following meanings of the techniques that need electricity.
ignition – стеклоочистители (ветрового стекла), дворники
headlights – зажигание
turn signals – указатели поворота, (поворотники)
horn - фары
windshield wipers - гудок, сирена автомобиля
Try to find the meanings of the following words and word combinations.
Battery, alternator, electric current, recharge, power, electrical accessories.
The automobile depends on electricity for fuel ignition, headlights, turn signals, horn, radio, windshield wipers, and other accessories. A battery and an alternator supply electricity. The battery stores electricity for starting the car. The alternator generates electric current while the engine is running, recharging the battery and powering the rest of the car’s electrical needs.
Early automotive electrical systems ran on 6 volts, but 12 volts became standard after World War II (1939-1945) to operate the growing number of electrical accessories. Eventually, 24- or 48-volt systems may become the standard as more computers and electronics are built into automobiles.
A. Ignition System
Vocabulary to be remembered.
ignition system – система зажигания (двигателя)
supply – подавать
spark plugs – свечи зажигания
draw - всасывать, втягивать
electric arc - электрическая дуга: дуговой разряд
distributor – распределитель
rotating shaft – ротор
coil – катушка
surges- волны
The ignition system supplies high-voltage current to spark plugs to ignite fuel vapor in the cylinders. There are many variations, but all gasoline-engine ignition systems draw electric current from the battery, significantly increase the current’s voltage, then deliver it to spark plugs that project into the combustion chambers. An electric arc between two electrodes at the bottom of the spark plug ignites the fuel vapor.
In older vehicles, a distributor, which is an electrical switching device, routes high-voltage current to the spark plugs. The distributor’s housing contains a switch called the breaker points. A rotating shaft in the distributor causes the switch to open and close, interrupting the supply of low-voltage current to a transformer called a coil. The coil uses electromagnetic induction to convert interruptions of the 12-volt current into surges of 20,000 volts or more. This high-voltage current passes back to the distributor, which mechanically routes it through wires to spark plugs, producing a spark that ignites the gas vapor in the cylinders. A condenser absorbs excess current and protects the breaker points from damage by the high-voltage surge. The distributor and other devices control the timing of the spark-plug discharges.
In modern ignition systems, the distributor, coil, points, and condenser have been replaced by solid-state electronics controlled by a computer. A computer controls the ignition system and adjusts it to provide maximum efficiency in a variety of driving conditions.
Make up all types of questions to the whole information.
Explain the work of the electrical system.