ИНСТИТУТ ЭКОНОМИКИ И УПРАВЛЕНИЯ
ECOMEN
УЧЕБНО-МЕТОДИЧЕСКОЕ ПОСОБИЕ
ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ
для студентов I курса
составитель – зав. кафедры языковой подготовки – Лаур Елена Александровна
Таллинн
2012
UNIT 1 LIVING TOGETHER
Ex. 1 Discuss the questions:
Do you live with your parents? When and why do you think you will leave home? In what ways, positive and negative, will your life change?
Which of the following do you think is the best way to live? What are some benefits of the others? a) living alone, b) sharing with friends, c) married without children, d) married with children, e) living with parents.
What are advantages and disadvantages of being an only child in a family?
What is the ideal age to get married for men and for women?
Do you think the idea of getting engaged is old-fashioned?
Why do you think divorce is nearly as popular as marriage in some countries but not others?
What should happen to elderly people in society?
Ex.2 HAPPILY EVER AFTER? How sexes meet, marry and share domestic life around the world?
How and at what age do couples start dating?
Dating customs around the world vary enormously. In the UK, for example, most people go on their first date at the age of 13 0r 14 and have a number of relationships before they eventually settle down. In Korea, on the other hand, many young people do not start dating until they are in their twenties and they often only date the person that eventually marry. In Australia, it is common for women to ask men out and to pay the bill but in the US, men still tend to pay for their partner.
When do most people tie the knot (get married)?
The average age at which people get married has been going up steadily in recent years. In the UK, it is now around thirty and in the US, it is around twenty-seven. In Russia, on the other hand, couples tend to marry straight after school or university. However, Russia has one of the highest divorce rates in the world.
Who does what in the house?
A recent international survey has shown that Swedish men do the most around the house: six times more than Japanese men, who did the least housework in the survey. Japanese husbands do only four hours’ housework a week on average, compared with their wives, who do around thirty hours a week. However, in Sweden both parents normally work but in Japan, it is usual for women to give their careers up when they get married in order to become full-time housewives. But it is not all bad news for Japanese wives: the typical Japanese husbands hands over his entire salary to his wife, who gives him back pocket money in return!
Who is the head of the family?
In modern marriages, working out who is in charge of what can be tricky but not among the Mosuo people from South East China. They have one of the last matriarchal societies left on earth: women are head of the house hold, look after the children and make all business decisions. The family name passes from mother to daughter and daughters inherit the family property. Children belong to their mother’s family and it is not acceptable for fathers to live with their children – they remain part of their own mother’s household!
Did you know?
In the UK, the most common way to meet a new partner is online.
60% of all marriages worldwide are arranged marriages.
200,000 men in the UK are househusbands and around 20% of under-fives in the US are brought up by stay-at-home-dads, while the mother is the breadwinner.
Ex.3 Match the phrasal verbs 1 – 9 to the meanings a – i.
settle down a. ask on a date
ask out b. calculate
go out c. give completely
give up d. increase
hand over e. raise a child
give back f. return
bring up g. stay in a relationship or place permanently
work out h. stop doing something
look after i. take care of
Ex.4 In groups, make a list of “Five Golden Rules for Dating”. Give brief reasons for your reasons. Try to use the following expressions:
Always … Never …. You should/ shouldn’t …. Whatever you do, don’t …. It’s very important to ….
Ex.5 - Listen to Dylan and Jennifer complaining about each other’s annoying habits. Make a list of his and her complaints.
- Listen and say about the similarities between the way an animal trainer trained dolphins and the way that Jennifer “trained” Dylan?
Ex.6 Write 5 sentences about the annoying habits of people you know, including yourself.
Ex.7 Listen and answer the following questions:
What are “boomerang kids” and why are there more of them?
Where was Damien living before he graduated and who with?
What is the situation now and how does he feel about it?
Which issue causes conflicts with his parents?
Does Damien have a job at the moment?
What are his aims?
Ex.8 Listen to a radio programme about “boomerang kids”. Tick “true” and cross “false”. Explain your answers.
The psychologist thinks that
most parents expect their children to live with them after university.
adult children expect to be able to do what they want in their parents’ home.
adult children do not expect any help from their parents.
families need written rules about what adult children can and cannot do.
it is wrong for adult children to pay their parents rent.
The listener says that
she is finding it difficult to get on with her parents.
it is reasonable for her parents to expect her to help with household jobs.
Ex.9 Cause and effect. Notice some of the ways in which the following single sentence can be added to and commented on.
I am going to continue with my English.
Because Because of Owing to On account of In case In order to So as not to So that Whether Wherever Whatever Whichever However Regardless Even if Whenever If Providing Provided that Unless Although Even though In spite of Despite But As opposed to So Which considering
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I like the language. this book. its importance in the world of business. what my teachers have told me. I need it one day. take IELTS exam next year. forget what I’ve learnt. I can work in the US one day. you think it’s a good idea or not. I go. happens. country I go to next. difficult the next stage is. of my slow progress so far. I have to give up all my other interests. I can. it’s possible. I can find a teacher. someone agrees to teach me. you persuade me that Chinese is more useful. I know I’m not the most gifted linguist. I’m a very busy person. the cost of these lessons. what you’ve said about my slow progress. I think I will give up French. my Japanese. you will see me again next term. is a bit silly, I suppose, I live on a deserted island.
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Useful words and expressions
1. |
to set household rules |
устанавливать домашние правила |
2. |
to treat smb with respect/ to have respect for smb |
относиться к кому-либо с уважениемб уважать к-л. |
3. |
to share chores
|
делить домашние обязанности |
4. |
to avoid rows and conflicts |
избегать ссор и конфликтов |
5. |
to have a chat |
беседовать |
6. |
to nag smb |
придираться, ворчать |
7. |
to gossip |
сплетничать |
8. |
to leave a mess |
оставлять беспорядок |
9. |
to forget arrangements |
забывать договоренности |
10. |
to mislaid things |
терять вещи |
11. |
marital status: single, engaged, married, separated, divorced, widowed |
семейный статус: одинокий, помолвленный, замужем/женат, разведенный, вдовец/вдова |
12. |
split up |
разрыв между супругами |
13. |
to date |
встречаться |
14. |
to go out with smb |
встречаться с кем-либо |
15. |
to fall out with smb |
поссориться |
16. |
to adore |
обожать |
17. |
to hate/ can’t stand |
ненавидеть, непереносить |
18. |
to envy/ to be envious |
завидовать, быть завистливым |
19. |
to get on well with smb |
ладить с кем-либо |
20. |
to have a lot in common |
иметь много общего |
21. |
to be jealous |
быть ревнимым |
22. |
to trust |
доверять |
23. |
to admire |
восхищаться |
24. |
to be fond of |
нравиться, увлекаться чем-либо |
25. |
to despise |
презирать |
26. |
to feel indifferent |
быть равнодушным |
and
responsibilities
Writing
Write a short essay (150 – 180 words) “Most divorces are avoidable”.
Write a letter to a friend, describing how a close friend and you have fallen out. Explain what went wrong and why. Say how you felt about it.
Try to use as many expressions from exercise 9 as possible.
UNIT 2 SUCCESS AND ACHIEVEMENTS
Ex. 1 Read the quotations about success. Which do you think are true? Can you think of anyone who illustrates these points?
“Success is often about being in the right place at the right time.”
“It’s not what you know in life that makes you successful, it’s who you know”.
“If you believe in yourself, you can achieve anything”.
“Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration”.
“Behind every great man there’s a great woman”.
Ex.2 Match the following words with the quotations in ex.1. Which two qualities are not mentioned?
self-confidence luck natural talent determination and hard work skill
support from other people your social network
Ex.3 REACHING THE TOP. Have you got what it takes?
What is the secret X factor that you need in order to be as successful as Bill Gates or Madonna? And why don’t equally talented people make it?
Many social scientists have studied the phenomenon of success. One American study claims that your social network is the key to success. Apparently, every extra friend that you have at school adds two percent to your salary later in life! Perhaps this boosts your self-confidence or perhaps you have more people to support you. Another study links height and success: every extra centimeter is worth another $300 per year. The trouble is that for every person who conforms to these theories, there is an exception.
So is success just down to luck? Napoleon was once thinking about promoting a general in his army. After he had heard about all the general’s talents, he said “Yes, yes, I realize he is brilliant but is he lucky?” And when you think about it, what use is talent without luck? In 1979, an unknown Australian actor arrived at a film audition looking bruised and exhausted. He had been partying the night before and three drunks had attacked him. The director was looking for a tough, battle-scarred actor to star in his film and immediately offered the actor the part. That actor was Mel Gibson and we went on to become a Hollywood superstar. Talent has kept him famous but it was luck that gave him his first break.
However, in his book Outliers – The Story of Success, author, Malcolm Gladwell, has come up with a theory that he claims is true in every case. He says that the secret of success is simply many hours of hard work. He has calculated exactly how many hours work you need to do in order to become “the best” in your field: 10,000 hours apparently or about four hours a day for ten years. Without this kind of determination and hard work you probably won’t reach the top, regardless of your talent.
Researchers looked at violin players in a music school to test this theory. Teachers put the players into three groups: average players in group C, good players in group B and outstanding players in group A. It turned out that all the players had done around 10,000 hours of practice in their lifetime. The good players had done around 6,000 hours and the average players only 4,000 hours. However, all players had entered the school with similar levels of ability.
But surely there are exceptions to this rule? Mozart, for example, is always considered a “born genius”. He performed in public at the age of four and by six, he had composed several pieces. Surely his success was down to natural talent, not hard work? In fact, Gladwell argues, Mozart had a very strict father who made him practice for hours each day from an early age. And the music that Mozart composed when he was six wasn’t outstanding. Mozart wrote his first real masterpiece when he was twenty-one. By that time, he’d done at least 10,000 hours of practice and had “become” a genius.
Talent, argues Gladwell, is nothing without hard work. So next time you dream of scoring the winning goal in the World Cup or winning an Oscar, ask yourself this question: are you really prepared to put in the hours necessary to achieve your goal?
Ex.4 Discuss the questions:
Do you think Malcolm Gladwell’s theory is generally true or not?
Can you think of any exceptions?
Are there any goals that you would work this hard for?
Ex.5. Notice idioms
Have you got what it takes? – Have you got the necessary characteristics?
Why don’t equally talented people make it? – Why don’t equally talented people become successful?
the key to success – the most important element of success
Is success just down to luck? – Is success just a matter of luck?
It was luck that gave him his first break. – It was luck that gave him his first opportunity.
You probably won’t reach the top. – You probably won’t become one of the best in your field.
Ex. 6. Listen to two students talking about a highly successful person whose achievements they really admire. Answer the questions about each person.
Who is the person and what is he or she famous for?
What are or were this person’s main achievements>
What is interesting or admirable about this person?
Does this person fit Malcolm Gladwell’s theory or not?
Ex. 7. Speak about a highly successful person, dead or alive, who you admire. It could be a sports person, actor, musician, writer or leader.
Ex. 8. Read and translate the text, learn the new words and expressions.
People with full lips are usually responsible. You can always trust them to do what you ask them to do. They are also decisive; they made decisions quickly. On the other hand, they tend to be rather bossy. They like telling other people what to do!
People who have a thin upper lip and full lower lip are energetic. They work very hard and like participating in a lot of activities. They are ambitious as well; they want to be successful in life. However, these people tend to be self-centered. They seem to only care about themselves and they sometimes forget about other people´s feelings.
People with thin lips are determined; they know what they want and they do all they can to get it. They are careful people who do their work with a lot of attention and thought. However, they tend to be reserved; they do not like showing their feelings or expressing their opinions. They can also mean; they do not like sharing things or spending money.
People who have lips with down-turning corners are very generous. They love giving things to other people and helping them. They are also intelligent and understand difficult subjects quickly and easily, so be careful of what you say to them.
Negative traits Rude Greedy Weak-willed/ backboneless Light-minded/ shallow Indifferent Cruel Arrogant Wicked Dishonest Lazy Coward Nervous Self-confident Boastful Sly Jealous Envious Bad-tempered Bossy Selfish Stubborn Unsociable Reserved Shy |
Positive traits Well-behaved Kind Polite/courteous Cheerful Generous Honest Sincere/ frank Inquisitive/ curious Sociable Clever/ intelligent/ smart Gifted/ talented Accurate Brave/courageous Industrious/ hard-working Witty Reliable Calm Patient Punctual Easy-going Friendly/ hospitable Modest Tolerant Respectful |
Ex. 9. Here are adjectives to describe a person’s character or personality. Complete the sentences below with a suitable adjective from the list.
1. Frank will never steal anything. You can trust him completely. He’s so ……………… .
2. She won the race easily. But instead of boasting about it, she just said she was lucky. That’s typical of her. She’s so ……………… .
3. As a child he was very ………… and used to hit and kick animals – especially cats.
4. She always wants a bigger share than anyone else. She’s so …………………… .
5. Paul is always so angry and irritable. I’ve never met anyone quite as ……… as him.
6. My cousin is always happy and smiling. She’s such a …………….. person.
7. We had such a warm welcome when we were in Denmark. I had no idea that Danes were so ……………….. .
8. Peter never worries very much or gets annoyed. He’s a very ……………… person.
9. The police told her she was very …………… to jump into the river to rescue her sister.
10. Everyone thinks that he is …. because he didn’t help his friend when he was attacked.
11. Swedes and Germans have a reputation for being ……………… . If you arrange a meeting with them they are always on time.
12. Maureen is so ………………. . She’s always coming out with clever and amusing remarks. I wish I could make people laugh the way she does.
13.You only care about yourself! You never think about anyone else. You’re so ………….
Ex.10 Translate from Russian into English:
1. Люди, живущие в северных странах, обычно более спокойны и сдержаны. Люди, живущие в южных странах, обычно более эмоциональны и дружелюбны.
2. Он честный? – Да, он честный и надежный. Ты можешь ему доверять.
3. Он пунктуальный. Он никогда не опаздывает.
4. Она очень остроумная. Мне нравятся ее шутки.
5. Ты думаешь только о себе. Не будь таким эгоистом!
6. Я не люблю жадных, грубых и нечестных людей.
7. Он любит свою жену, но он очень ревнивый.
8. Она очень скромный человек и не говорит о своих успехах.
9. Он самый умный и талантливый в нашей семье.
10. Он очень трудолюбивый человек и никогда не сидит без дела.
11. Он очень целеустремленный человек. Он упорно работает и хочет быть успешным в жизни и в бизнесе.
12. Он заботится только о себе и не думает о чувствах других людей.
13. Он очень сдержанный человек и не показывает своих чувств.
Ex.11 Notice the contrast in the letter.
Dear Helpful Hatti,
I am writing to you about my sister and all the problems I have.
She has got exquisite features – a classic profile – a scintillating smile – a stunning figure – an attractive personality – and a marvelous sense of humour. I have got a very plain face – very ordinary feature – a rather ugly smile – a nondescript figure – a shallow and unappealing character – and a coarse sense of humour. What should I do?
She is a sparkling conversationalist – a fabulous dancer – a graceful mover – super-efficient at her job – a talented sportswoman – and a gifted musician. I am a very dull conversationalist – a clumsy dancer – an awkward mover – an incompetent fool in the office – useless at sport – and hopeless at all musical instruments. What advice would you give me?
She is always well-dressed, smart, elegant – extremely ladylike – very refined – exceptionally well-mannered – and invariably polite to everyone. I always look shabby and scruffy – I tend to be rough – common – vulgar – and rude. What can I do about it?
She is very cultured – well-educated – well-read. I was always backward at school – semi-literate – and I am now very ignorant.
She is bright – intelligent – witty – and clever.
I am slow – dim – “daft”, my mother says – “thick”, says my father.
Please help me. I look forward to hearing from you.