- •Архитектура строительство
- •Part I unit 1 civil engineering
- •II. Read and translate the text. Civil Engineering
- •III. A few explanations to the text
- •IV. Answer the questions
- •VI. By your own words try to explain:
- •VII. Give as many words as you can to the word engineering
- •V. Read the text and tell the group what is a home for you? What is home? (after Ernestine Schumann-Heink)
- •Unit 2 construction works
- •II. Without translating find information in the text to the following questions.
- •Construction Works
- •III. Find English equivalents in the text.
- •IV. Translate the sentences.
- •Unit 3 some building professions
- •I. Listen, read and remember.
- •II. Scan the text for about 10 minutes and find the sentences with words from I Some Building Professions
- •III. A few explanations to the text.
- •IV. Read and translate the text « Some Building Professions». Give equivalent English phrases to the following Russian ones.
- •VII. Complete the sentences according to the text:
- •VIII. Tell the class about common building professions unit 4 modern building materials
- •II. A few explanations to the text.
- •III. Read and translate the text. Modern Building Materials
- •IV. Add the missing parts of the sentences from the text.
- •V. Translate into English, and find sentences in the text with following word-combinations.
- •VI. Tell the group about any of the building materials.
- •VII. Discuss different building materials from the text finishing the following phrases:
- •IX. Answer following questions. Then read the text and check your meanings.
- •Modern Building Materials
- •X. Translate following phrases.
- •XI. Write out international words out from the text and translate them without a dictionary.
- •XII. Add the missing parts of the sentences from the text
- •XIII. Share your opinion.
- •Unit 5 silicate industry
- •Silicate Industry
- •Unit 6 asbestos
- •Asbestos
- •Vocabulary
- •II. Read and translate the text and complete the sentences.
- •II. Read the following text. Prepare several questions for discussion and discuss them in your group.
- •Unit 8 architecture: its forms and functions
- •IV. Read the text and answer the following questions.
- •Architecture: Its Forms and Functions
- •V. Talk about architecture
- •VI. Speak about architecture. Use the following words:
- •Unit 9 bioclimatic architecture
- •I. Read a few explanations to the text
- •III. Read and translate the text. What Is Meant by "Bioclimatic Architecture"
- •Unit 10 from the history of building
- •I. Read a few explanations to the text
- •III. Find in the text equivalent English phrases to the following Russian
- •From the History of Building
- •IV. Explain in English the meaning of the following words:
- •V. Translate the extract into Russian
- •VI. Make a report about the history of building ant tell it in class.
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Choose the right sentence.
- •II. Complete the following sentences.
- •Text 2 great sphinx
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Choose the synonyms to the words in italics.
- •II. Circle a), b), or c) to complete the sentence.
- •Ancient greek architecture Warming-up
- •The athenian acropolis
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Complete the following sentences.
- •II. Choose the right adjective.
- •III. Choose the right form of the verb.
- •Roman architecture Warming up
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Choose the right sentence.
- •II. Circle a), b), or c) to complete the sentences.
- •Early christian and byzantine architecture Warming-up
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Choose the right word.
- •II. Choose the right sentence.
- •Vocabulary
- •Romanesque architecture
- •Lancet architecture Warming-up
- •Gothic cathedrals
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Complete the sentences.
- •II. Choose the right sentence.
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Complete the following sentences.
- •Text 2 The Renaissance style in England
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Choose the right form of the adjective.
- •II. Choose the right sentences.
- •III. Circle a), b), or c) to complete the following sentences.
- •Text 2.
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Choose the right verb.
- •Neoclassicism Warming-up
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Complete the following sentences.
- •The architecture of the turn of the centuries Warming up
- •Art nouveau
- •Vocabulary
- •I Choose the right sentence.
- •II. Complete the following sentences.
- •III. Answer the following questions. Only one variant is correct from the three choices.
- •The architecture of the 20th century Warming-up
- •Charles edouard (jeanneret) le corbusier
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Choose the appropriate adjective.
- •II. Complete the following sentences.
- •British architecture Buildings: first impressions
- •British architecture
- •Richard Rogers
- •Part III Amsterdam
- •Budapest
- •Helsinki
- •Wien Vienna
- •Оглавление
Федеральное агентство по образованию
Сибирская государственная автомобильно-дорожная академия
(СибАДИ)
Л.Ф. ГЕРАСИМОВА
Н.В. МАТВЕЕВА
Архитектура строительство
Учебное пособие на английском языке
Омск
Издательство СибАДИ
2006
УДК
ББК
Рецензенты: Г.Г. Сёмкина к. ф. н., доцент каф. английской филологии ОмГУ
Т.Н. Шоколова доцент каф. ин. яз. СибАДИ
Герасимова Л.Ф., Матвеева Н.В.
Архитектура. Строительство. Учебное пособие на английском языке. Омск: Изд-во СибАДИ, 2006. – 157с.
Учебное пособие разработано в соответствии с типовой программой курса «Иностранные языки в вузе» для студентов неязыковых вузов с учетом современной методики преподавания.
Книга состоит из трех частей, краткого англо-русского словаря с терминологией по специальности.
Первая глава состоит из десяти текстов для чтения на английском языке по строительству. Вторая глава содержит 17 дополнительных текстов для чтения по истории архитектуры и ее стилям. Третья глава состоит из девяти текстов для чтения на английском языке, которые носят информативно-познавательный характер. Они содержат информацию о памятниках архитектуры мировых столиц.
Тексты и упражнения направлены на развитие у студентов навыков чтения и профессионального говорения.
ISBN © Герасимова Л.Ф., Матвеева Н.В.
Part I unit 1 civil engineering
I. Listen, read and remember.
Appliance [q’plQiqns] |
Приспособление, прибор |
Apply [q’plQi] |
Обращаться за чем-л |
Branch [brRnC] |
Ветвь, филиал, отрасль |
Concern [kqn’sWn] |
Касаться, относиться, интересовать |
Conflict with nature |
Противоречить природе, бороться с природой |
Deal (with) [dJl] |
Иметь дело с чем-л, кем-л |
Divide (into) [di’vQid] |
Делить. разделять |
Distinguish (from) [dis’tinNgwiS] |
Отличать |
Execute [eksikjHt] |
Выполнять |
Harbour [‘hRbq] |
Гавань |
Lead (to) [led] |
Вести (к) |
Protect oneself against |
Защищаться от чего-л |
Sustain [sqs’tein] |
Поддерживать, выдерживать |
II. Read and translate the text. Civil Engineering
The term "engineering" is a modern one. The New Marriam-Webster Dictionary gives the explanation of the word "engineering" as the practical application of scientific and mathematical principles. Nowadays the term "engineering" means, as a rule, the art of designing, constructing, or using engines. But this word is now applied *in a more extended sense. It is applied also to the art of executing such works as the objects of civil and military architecture, in which engines or other mechanical appliances are used. Engineering is divided into many branches. The most important of them are: civil, mechanical, electrical, nuclear, mining, military, marine, and sanitary engineering.
While the definition "civil engineering "dates back only two centuries, the profession of civil engineer is as old as civilized life. It started developing with the rise of ancient Rome. In order to understand clearly what civil engineering constitutes nowadays, let us consider briefly the development of different branches of engineering. Some form of building and utilization of the materials and forces of nature have always been necessary for the people from the prehistoric times. The people had to protect themselves against the elements and sustain themselves in the conflict with nature.
First the word "civil engineering" was used to distinguish the work of the engineer with a non-military purpose from that of a military engineer. And up to about the middle of the 18th century there were two main branches of engineering — civil and military. The former included all those branches of the constructive art not directly connected with military operations and the constructions of fortifications, while the latter, military engineering, concerned itself with the applications of science and the utilization of building materials in the art of war.
But as time went on, the art of civil engineering was enriched with new achievements of science. With the beginning of the Industrial Revolution and later there came a remarkable series of mechanical inventions, great discoveries in electrical science and atomic energy. It led to differentiation of mechanical, electrical, nuclear engineering, etc.
It is a well-known fact that with the invention of the steam engine and the growth of factories a number of civil engineers became interested in the practical application of the science of mechanics and thermodynamics to the design of machines. They separated themselves from civil engineering, and were called "mechanical engineers".
With the development of the science of electricity, there appeared another branch of the engineering — electrical engineering. It is divided now into two main branches: communications engineering and power engineering.
In the middle of the 20th century there appeared some other new branches of engineering—nuclear engineering and space engineering. The former is based on atomic physics, the latter — on the achievements of modern science and engineering.
At present there are hundreds of subdivisions of engineering, but they all, at one time or another, branched off from civil engineering.
The term "civil engineering" has two distinct meanings. In the widest and oldest sense it includes all non-military branches of engineering as it did two centuries ago. But in its narrower, and at the present day more correct sense, civil engineering includes mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, metallurgical, and mining engineering.
Here are some fields of civil engineering:
Housing, industrial, and agricultural construction.
Structural engineering comprises the construction of all fixed structures with their foundations.
The construction of highways and city streets and pavements.
The construction of railroads.
The construction of harbours and canals.
Hydraulic engineering which includes the construction of dams and power plants.
The above enumeration will make clear the vast extent of the field of civil engineering.