10. Read and translate the following text; say what new information about plants and animals you got from it:

Anton von Leeuwenhoek lived all his life in Delft. He had hardly any education and never learnt Latin, which in those days was the mark of an educated man. He worked when a boy as a clerk in a dry-goods shop. Part of his duty there was to examine textiles with a fine hand lens. Sometimes he placed the lens over other substances besides cloth — the skin of his own hand, the fiber of the wood on the table. Later on in his spare time he used to go to the spectacle makers and he learnt from them how to polish lenses. Afterwards he began making lenses himself.

The lenses he made were precise and beautiful. Altogether he made 247 instruments and some of them would increase the size of a minute object as much as 270 times.

After he had learned something about metalwork he could mount them. When he was about forty he became so interested in everything seen through his lenses, that he spent much of his time looking through his microscopes.

One day he had focused his microscope on a drop of water from a rain barrel and had found in it to his great astonishment "little beastics" as he called them, swimming about, He had found these little creatures not only in rain water, but in pond water, in the secretions of various animals, even in the saliva of his own mouth. Examining different objects he continued to find ail manner of strange little organisms, although he did not realize, that they might have any connection with diseases. Only in the 19th century Louis Pasteur developed and demonstrated by his experiments the germ theory. But it was Anton von Leeuwenhoek's discovery of microbes that started a new field of scientific investigation.

11. Translate the text into Ukrainian and then back into English, compare your version with the original:

In science one of the most important discoveries having a great influence on the development of science was the fact that microscope has come into common use among scientists. The microscope gave scientists new power. Now they could see things that had been hidden. The first microscopes were very simple. They had only single lenses, some had double lenses with a tube between them. Anton von Leeuwenhoek was the first man who penetrated through these lenses into the mysterious world of the microbe. No one before his time had guessed that such tiny organisms existed.

12. Compose short dialogues for the following imaginary situations:

1. You know that Leeuwenhoek was not a professional scientist. Yet he corresponded with the Royal Society in London, where he sent his descriptions of what he had seen through his microscope. One day he was visited by one of the members of the Royal Academy. Try to imagine the conversation that might have taken place.

3. You are a teacher of zoology. This is your first lesson on the use of microscope. Instruct the students in its use.

4. Your younger sister comes up to you and asks what a microscope is. Tell her what instrument it is, how it is constructed and what it is used for.

5. You are going to make a report "From Leeuwenhoek to the present". What will you include in it?

6. You are given a microscope without a mirror and asked to examine a leaf of an apple-tree. Will you be able to do it? Discuss it with your friend.