- •Предисловие
- •Методические указания по организации самостоятельной работы
- •Как нужно развивать технику письма на английском языке:
- •2. The Revised Kyoto Convention
- •Customs conventions and recommendations
- •Working on the text
- •The Revised Kyoto Convention
- •Working on the text
- •Ex.9. Summary: Write down a Summary of the text “The Revised Kyoto Convention”. Ex.10. Text rendering: Render the text “The Revised Kyoto Convention”.
- •Grammar revision
- •The London Dungeon
- •Working on the article Kyoto Protocol heated bra developed
- •Tasks for the article
- •Kyoto Protocol heated bra developed
- •Kyoto Protocol heated bra developed
- •Student a’s questions
- •Additional tasks
- •1. Vocabulary extension: Choose several words from the text. Use a dictionary or Google’s search field (or another search engine) to build up more associations / collocations with each word.
- •2. The Istanbul Convention
- •The hs Convention
- •Working on the text
- •The Istanbul Convention Convention relating to temporary admission
- •Working on the text
- •Grammar revision
- •Working on the article Anti-tobacco treaty begins (from: www. Breakingnewsenglish.Com)
- •Tasks for the article
- •Anti-tobacco treaty begins
- •Additional tasks
- •2. The cites
- •The tir convention
- •Working on the text
- •What is cites?
- •Working on the text
- •Grammar revision
- •Hadran’s wall
- •Working on the article un agrees to ban on ivory trade (from: www. Breakingnewsenglish.Com)
- •Tasks for the article
- •Un agrees to ban on ivory trade
- •Ex.12. Read and fill in gaps. Un agrees to ban on ivory trade
- •Ex.17. Student poaching survey: Write five questions about elephant poaching. Ex.18. Ivory trade discussion:
- •Ex.20. Speaking: role play:
- •Ex.21. Writing: Write about the elephants and ivory for 10 minutes. Correct your partner’s paper. Additional tasks
- •2. Customs enforcement and compliance
- •Customs technologies
- •Working on the text
- •What is Customs Enforcement and Compliance
- •Working on the text
- •Grammar revision Ex.1. Functions of transitional words and phrases revision:
- •Ex.2. Transitional words and phrases finding: read the text and put transitional words and phrases into the table below:
- •Identify any transitional words and phrases, comment on their function and find an equivalent for them.
- •Ex.4. Words:Put the following transitional words and phrases back into the text: moreover, and not only…but , finally, because; working on the article
- •Internet Piracy Bill in Trouble
- •Tasks for the article
- •2. Obligations, Powers and Liability of the eu Customs Authorities
- •Application of Customs Control International Standards. Moving goods across the borders
- •Working on the text
- •Obligations, Powers and Liability of the eu Customs Authorities
- •Working on the text
- •Grammar revision
- •Working on the article
- •Ireland ‘No’ vote plunges eu into crisis (from: www. Elsdiscussions.Com)
- •Tasks for the article
- •Additional tasks
- •Customs Union between the Russian Federation, Belarus and Kazakhstan
- •Working on the text
- •Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan
- •Working on the text
- •Grammar revision
- •Working on the article Moscow is the world’s costliest city (from: www. Business.English.Materials.Com)
- •Tasks for the article
- •Moscow is the world’s costliest city
- •Ex.14. Reading: Read and fill in the spaces. Moscow is the world’s costliest city
- •Ex.17. Language: Put the correct words from a–d below in the article. Moscow is the world’s costliest city
- •Ex.19. Student cost of living survey: Write five questions about living costs. Ex.20. Living costs discussion:
- •Ex.22. Speaking: cost of living presentation:
- •Additional tasks
- •2. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
- •World Customs Organization
- •Working on the text
- •General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
- •2. Major Provisions of gatt
- •1. Tariff
- •2. Quantitative Restrictions
- •3. Other provisions
- •4. Achievements and Problems of gatt/wto
- •5. Difference between gatt and wto
- •Working on the text
- •Ex.16.Writing:
- •Grammar revision
- •Working on the article Airport security New body scanners see through clothes
- •Tasks for the article
- •Ex.8.Airport security discussion:
- •Ex.9.Writing: Write about airport. Correct your partner’s paper.
- •2. Russia’s accession to the wto
- •What is the wto?
- •Working on the text
- •Ex.14. Writing: Write about the World Trade Organization for 10 minutes. Correct your partner’s paper.
- •Russia’s accession to the wto
- •Industrial and agricultural subsidies
- •Working on the text
- •Grammar revision
- •Working on the article Arabs Want Arabic as a wto Language (from: www.Esldiscussions.Com)
- •Tasks for the article
- •Ex.2. Gap fill: Read the article and fill in the gaps.
- •Ex.3. Phrase match: Match the following phrases from the article.
- •Ex.5. Spelling: Spell the jumbled words (from the text) correctly.
- •Ex.5. Put the text back together: Number these lines in the correct order.
- •Ex.6. Word order: With a partner, put the words back into the correct order.
- •Risk management in Customs procedures
- •Working on the text
- •Intellectual Property Rights
- •Working on the text
- •Grammar revision
- •Working on the article The Inellectual Property Day (from: www. Elsdiscussions.Com)
- •Tasks for the article
- •Ex.2. Phrase match: Match the following phrases from the article.
- •2. Us Customs and Border Protection (cbp)
- •3. Australian Customs and Border Protection Service
- •Ex.3. Reading: Read and translate the text “hm Revenue and Customs”.
- •U.S. Customs and Border Protection (cbp)
- •Working on the text
- •Australian Customs and Border Protection Service
- •Organizational arrangements
- •Working on the text
- •Ex.3. Reading: Read and translate the text “Australian Customs and Border Protection Service.”
- •Ex.9. Computer presentation: Make a computer presentation on the Australian Customs and Border Protection Service.
- •Grammar revision
- •Working on the article Rate of uk immigration rises sharply (from: www. Breakingnewsenglish.Com)
- •Tasks for the article
- •Ex.8. Immigration problem discussion:
- •Rate of uk immigration rises sharply
- •Rate of uk immigration rises sharply
- •Ex.19. Writing: Write about immigration for 10 minutes. Correct your partner’s paper.
- •2. International Customs Cooperation
- •Green Customs Initiative
- •Working on the text
- •International Customs Cooperation
- •Working on the text
- •Grammar revision
- •Working on the article Loss of Nature Will Damage Economies (from: www.Breakingnewsenglish.Com)
- •Tasks for the article
- •2. The Russian Customs Academy Overview
- •Fcs International Customs Co-operation
- •Working on the text
- •The Russian Customs Academy Overview
- •Working on the text
- •Grammar revision
- •Working on the article The Russia Experience
- •Tasks for the article
- •2. International Activities of the Russian Customs Academy
- •International Network of Customs Universities (incu)
- •Incu Administration
- •Working on the text
- •International Activities of the Russian Customs Academy
- •Working on the text
- •Grammar revision
- •Working on the article The way to the 10th anniversary…
- •Tasks for the article
- •Working on the article The 6th annual picard Conference
- •Tasks for the article
- •Reference grammar materials
- •Verb Tense Overview with Examples
- •Active / Passive Verb Forms
- •Active Form
- •Passive Form
- •Active / Passive Overview
- •Transitional Words and Phrases
- •1. Why do we use transitional words and phrases?
- •2. Different functions of transitional words and phrases
- •2.1 Functions
- •Transitional Phrases
- •What are Phrasal Verbs and Prepositional Verbs
- •Modal Verbs Tutorial Modals are special verbs which behave very irregularly in English. What are Modal Verbs?
- •Common Modal Verbs
- •Modal Forms
- •Gerunds and Infinitives (Part I)
- •Verbs Followed by Gerunds
- •Verbs Followed by Infinitives
- •Gerunds and Infinitives (Part 2)
- •Subjunctive Form
- •Verbs Followed by the Subjunctive
- •Expressions Followed by the Subjunctive
- •Negative, Continuous and Passive Forms of Subjunctive
- •Should as Subjunctive
- •Reported Speech (Indirect Speech)
- •Statements
- •Questions
- •Requests
- •Additional Information and Exemptions
- •Addendum II writing instructions materials
- •How to summarize an Article
- •How to write a Speech
- •How to write an Essay
- •How to write an Annotation
- •Abstract writing guidelines
- •Writing a Message
- •What are Skimming and Scanning
- •How to write a Welcome Letter?
- •How to write a Newsletter?
- •Addendum III. Types of documents used in international co-operation activities Treaties
- •Agreements
- •Conventions
- •Charters
- •Protocols
- •Declarations
- •Memoranda of Understanding
- •Modus Vivendi
- •Samples of documents used in international co-operation activities
- •Invitation letter
- •Newsletter
- •Invitation letter
- •Memorandum of understanding
- •Russian language articles
- •Фтс в 2011г. Перевыполнила план
- •Наше присоединение делает вто абсолютно универсальным институтом
- •Таможне надо помогать инвесторам, а не быть барьером, заявил Медведев
- •Беларусь выравнивает условия на автомобильном рынке с партнерами по Таможенному союзу
- •Киотская конвенция Всемирной таможенной организации вступила в силу для Беларуси
- •Принцип оформления «одна остановка - одно окно» позволит ускорить прохождение границы
- •Ситес решила создать фонд для защиты слонов и расследовать нелегальную торговлю змеиной кожей
- •Прогноз «Стратегии-2020»: Выгоды и риски вступления России в вто
- •Счетная палата недосчитала 725 млрд. Рублей
- •Будущее таможни – в международной интеграции и новых технологиях (итоги работы Магнитогорской таможни)
- •English language articles
- •Corruption in Russia
- •Начало формы Конец формы Global Meltdown
- •Green Living
- •Preview some of the lesson material:
- •Marijuana to Fight the Munchies
- •Nations Increasingly Strict on Immigration
- •New Language Boom
- •Preview some of the lesson material:
- •Начало формы Конец формы Oil, Water, and the Future
- •Начало формы Конец формы Soda Tax
- •The Amnesty International Report
- •Gun Law Reform
- •Preview some of the lesson material:
- •Extreme Views on the Internet
- •Depression on the Horizon
- •Digital Age
- •Список литературы
- •2. Официальный сайт комиссии Таможенного Союза: www.Tsouz.Ru.
- •Содержание
- •2. The Revised Kyoto Convention
- •Addendum II. Writing instructions materials …..……………...………286 addendum III. Types of documents used in international cooperationactivities………………………………………………….....……...305
Reported Speech (Indirect Speech)
If we report what another person has said, we usually do not use the speaker’s exact words (direct speech), but reported (indirect) speech. Therefore, you need to learn how to transform direct speech into reported speech. The structure is a little different depending on whether you want to transform a statement, question or request.
Statements
When transforming statements, check whether you have to change:
pronouns
present tense verbs (3rd person singular)
place and time expressions
tenses (backshift)
Type |
Example |
direct speech |
“I speak English.” |
reported speech (no backshift) |
He says that he speaks English. |
reported speech (backshift) |
He said that he spoke English. |
Questions
When transforming questions, check whether you have to change:
pronouns
present tense verbs (3rd person singular)
place and time expressions
tenses (backshift)
Also note that you have to:
transform the question into an indirect question
use the interrogative or if / whether
Type |
Example |
|
with interrogative |
direct speech |
“Why don’t you speak English?” |
reported speech |
He asked me why I didn’t speak English. |
|
without interrogative |
direct speech |
“Do you speak English?” |
reported speech |
He asked me whether / if I spoke English. |
|
Requests
When transforming questions, check whether you have to change:
pronouns
place and time expressions
Type |
Example |
direct speech |
“Carol, speak English.“ |
reported speech |
He told Carol to speak English. |
Additional Information and Exemptions
Apart from the above mentioned basic rules, there are further aspects that you should keep in mind, for example:
main clauses connected with and / but
tense of the introductory clause
reported speech for difficult tenses
exeptions for backshift
requests with must, should, ought to and let’s
Addendum II writing instructions materials
How to render an Article |
|
1. Headline / Title of the article |
The article is headlined... The headline of the article is... The article goes under the headline... The article under the headline... has the subhead... The title of the article is... The article is entitled... |
2. Place of origin |
The article is (was) printed / published in... The article is from а newspaper under the nameplate... |
3. Time of origin |
The publication date of the article is... The article is dated the first of October 2008. The article is printed on the second of October, 2008. |
4. Author |
The article is written by… The author of the article is... The article is written by а group of authors. They are… |
5. Theme / Topic |
The article is about... The article is devoted to... The article deals with the topic... The basic subject matter of the script is... The article touches upon the topic of... The article addresses the problem of... The article raises/brings up the problem... The article describes the situation... The article assesses the situation... The article informs us about… / comments on… The headline of the article corresponds to the topic. |
6. Main idea / Aim of the article |
The main idea of the article is… The purpose of the article / author is to give the reader some information on... The aim of the article / author is - to provide the reader with some information about...; - to provide the reader with some material / data on... - to inform about...; - to compare / determine...; |
7. Contents of the article (а short summary of 3 or 4 sentences) + important facts, names, figures. |
The article can be divided into some parts. The first part deals with... The second covers the events... The third touches upon the problem of... The fourth part includes some interviews, dialogues, pictures, reviews, references, quotations, figures. The article is written in the form of the monologue, from the first / third person narration. The author starts by telling the reader that... (writes, states, stresses, depicts, says, informs, underlines, confirms, emphasizes, puts an accent on, accepts / denies the fact, reports, resorts to, hints on, inclines to, points out... and so on) Later the article / the author describes... The article / the author goes on to say that... According to the text... In conclusion... The author comes to the conclusion / concludes that… The key sentence / words of the article (is / are) the following... |
8. Vocabulary of the article – the topical vocabulary – the author`s vocabulary |
While reading I`ve come across some topical words and expressions like.../ A great number of words belong to the topic… The author`s vocabulary is rather vivid, poor, rich… The author resorts to colourful general phrases/ clichés / stable statements / understatements / exaggerations / words with negative / positive connotation / fine words / descriptive adjectives / comparisons (to create а vivid picture, а humorous effect / to enforce the influence on the reader). We see the author`s mastery in conveying the main idea to the reader with the help of the phrases / parenthesis / sayings / proverbs |
9. Personal opinion / impression of the article |
I found the article interesting / important / useful / dull / of no value / (too) hard to understand and assess (Why?) I appreciate the author`s word-painting as / superb / ordinary / exaggerated. I think / believe that... My point is that... In my opinion... To my mind... |
10. Personal view on the topic / idea / problem |
The message of the writer is clear to understand... I share the author`s view... I see the problem in a different way... I don`t quite agree with the fact (that)... |