- •27) Substantivisation of adjectives
- •28) Morph status of statives
- •29,30) Arguments – establishing statives – separate part of speech
- •31,32) Pronoun as a separate part of speech
- •33) Subclasses of pronoun
- •34) Morph characteristics of pronoun
- •35) Syntactical properties of pronoun. Combinability, syntactical function.
- •36) Verb, category of tense (definition)
- •37) Verb-triple opposition (Ilyish)
- •38) Future tense, tense as a binary opposition
- •39) Primary and prospective time (Blokh)
- •41) Separate gram category of aspect, opposite theory
- •42) Essence of perfect//non-perfect forms.
- •43) Correlation – oppositional theory.
- •44) Voice, definition
- •45) Voice opposites
- •46) Voice – opposition
- •49) Mood-definition
- •50) Mood opposites
- •51) Mood – system of 6 opposites (Smirnitsky)
- •52) Mood as a system of 3 mood opposites (Khlebnikova)
- •53) Mood as a binary opposition – Barkhudarov, Blokh.
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27) Substantivisation of adjectives
Substantivization-type of conversion-lexical word-building process of zero-derivation. When adjectives are are fully substantivized – they make a noun, which is connected with the adj only etimologically.These nouns acquire all the forms of constitutive substantive categories; number,case,article determination (privates,natives – number; private's – case; a private,the private – article determination). In Rus – рядовой, больной, и тд. There is group of partially substantivized adj-s – they are characterized by mixed lexico-gram features; convey mixed adjectival-nounal semantics of property, perform functional characteristics of nouns in sent, are not changed according to category of number, combined only with definite article.
They include words,denoting: group of people with the same feature (the reach, the English), abstract notions (the unforgettable). They make a specif group of adjectives marginal to nouns, can be called «adjectivids».
28) Morph status of statives
Statives-words denoting states,mostly temporary, are used predominantly in predicative function, their common mark-prefix –a (afraid, agog, adrift, alike). The part-of-speech interpretation isn’t shared by all linguists, it has both proponents and opponents. Ilyish-lex-grammatical analyses, thanks to which a-wordswere given the part-of-speech heading «category of state».
29,30) Arguments – establishing statives – separate part of speech
For;1) statives are opposed to adjectives on purely semantic basis, as adj-s denote qualities, and statives-states.2)statives are characterized by specific prefix –a (unlike adj-s) 3)they don’t possess category of degrees of comparison 4)combinability of statives is different from that of adj-s, as they are not used in pre-positional attributive function, they are characterized by absence of right-hand combinability with nouns.
Against;1)Barkhudarov-common adj-s and participles in adjective-type functions can express typologically the same properties as statives2)though statives are not used in attributive pre-position, they like adj-s are distinguished by left-hand categorical combinability with nouns and link-verbs.3)2 basic functions of statives-predicative and attribute,the similarity of functions-we can use statives and adj-s in a homogeneous groups4)as for the prefix –a it hardly deserves a serious consideration as a formal basis of part-of-speech identification of statives. We can say that it is an adjectival subclass,though they are quite particularly opposed to the rest of adj-s.
31,32) Pronoun as a separate part of speech
The meaning of Pronoun is difficult to define .Some share peculiarities of nouns (he), other-similar to adj-s (which). Some scholars think that pronouns were not a separate part of speech,it should be distributed between nouns and adj-s. However, this view proved entailed difficulties-it is necessary to find definition of specific meaning of pronoun, distinguishing them from nouns and adj-s. They point to the things and properties without naming them. They constitute a limited class of words with numerous subclasses. They are differentiated into noun-pronouns and adjective-pronouns.