- •1. The difference between deterministic and stochastic effects.
- •2. Threshold dose and tissue and cell clinically-fixed effects.
- •3. Radiation risk of cancer.
- •6. Radiation risk and heritable effects.
- •7. Genetic susceptibility to cancer.
- •8. Radiation effects on the induction of diseases other than cancer.
- •9. Radiation effects on embryo and fetus.
- •10. An absorbed dose.
- •11. An effective dose.
- •12. The system of radiological protection of humans.
- •13. Types of exposure radiation.
- •14. Categories of exposure.
- •15. Levels of radiological protection.
- •16. Principals of radiological protection.
- •17. Bystander effect (definition)
- •19. A new paradigm of radiobiologi
- •20. Bystander effect and genomic instability
- •21. Genomic instability(definition)
- •22. Bystander effect for special goals
- •23. Hormesis(definition)
- •24. Scintific community and hormesis.
- •25. Zep point.
- •29. Hormesis and immune system and life-span of experimental animals.
- •30. Radiation hormesis and Plutonium.
- •31. Radium effects in the theory of hormesis
- •32. Radon effects in the theory of hormesis
- •33. Human ecology (definition)
- •34. The main human impact on the theory of hormesis.
- •35. The main manifestations of the degradation of the natural environment
35. The main manifestations of the degradation of the natural environment
Environmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as air, water and soil; the destruction of ecosystems and the extinction of wildlife. It is defined as any change or disturbance to the environment perceived to be deleterious or undesirable.This process can be entirely natural in origin, or it can be accelerated or caused by human activities.
The United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction defines environmental degradation as “The reduction of the capacity of the environment to meet social and ecological objectives, and needs”.
Environmental degradation is of many types. When natural habitats are destroyed or natural resources are depleted, environment is degraded.
There are a number of ways in which environmental degradation can work. In a classic case, resources simply become depleted. Air, water, and soil are all resources which are vulnerable to depletion through overuse, as are natural resources like minerals and oil deposits. Habitat pressures which force animals into a small area can also contribute to resource depletion, as the animals consume a high volume of material in a small area.
Pollution is another cause of environmental degradation. When the environment becomes polluted, it means that toxic substances have rendered it unhealthy.
In some cases, pollution may be reversible with costly environmental remediation measures, and in other instances, it may take decades or even centuries for the environment to cope with the poll