- •3. Native Americans: their origin, their ancient and present history.
- •Colonial America
- •Early colonial attempts
- •New England
- •The Pilgrims
- •The Puritans
- •The Middle Colonies
- •7. Ties to the British Empire. The unification of the British colonies. The great Awakening. From unity to revolution
- •8. The American Revolution. The continental Congresses and the declaration of Independence.
- •9. The Constitutional Convention. The Constitution of the us.
- •10. The Revolution: Winners and losers. Federalists and Antifederalists.
- •11. The American Civil War.
- •12. U.S. Industrialization and immigration.
- •13. The rise of u.S. Imperialism
- •14. The progressives
- •15. The roaring 20s
- •16. The great depression.
- •17. President Franklin d. Roosevelt and his “New deal for the American people”
- •18. The u.S. Wartime economy. The Marshall Plan(epr)
- •20. The Vietnam War
- •21 Us political scandal of the 70’s 80’s and 90’s.
- •22. The Reagan revolution
- •23. The Reagan administration –
- •24. Clinton administration.
- •25. The George w. Bush administration.
- •Each house of Congress has the power to introduce legislation on any subject dealing with the powers of Congress, except for legislation dealing with gathering revenue.
- •29. Executive branch.
- •30. Presidential elections
- •31. Constitution of the United States, its structure and current role.
- •32.Politics of the United States
- •33. Political parties, political culture and strength
- •34. America’s Global Role. U.S. Superpower and Global Economic Influence.
- •35. U.S. Foreign policy. Foreign relations of us with other countries.
- •37. The us banking system
- •38. The us Population
- •Lexico-semantic differences They differ in affixes while lexical meaning remains the same:
18. The u.S. Wartime economy. The Marshall Plan(epr)
the United States became the world’s largest weapons manufacturer. Americans experienced virtually full employment, longer work weeks, and higher earnings. Labor scarcity drew women into the war economy. The war made US a military and economic world power. World War II inspired hard work, cooperation, and patriotism. In US however were casualties of war: 1. December 7, 1941 Japanese airplanes attacked Pearl Harbor (the largest single-day loss in the US Navy history), then the Congress declared the war to Germ, Jap, Italy. In 1945 Am.airplanes dropped 2 atomic bombs on Japan (Hiroshima, Nagasaki).
United States program of financial assistance that helped to rebuild European nations devastated by World War II (1939-1945) - the Marshall Plan, named after U.S. Secretary of State George Catlett Marshall. After the war, Europe's agricultural and coal production had nearly stopped, and its people were threatened with starvation. The United States responded for 4 reasons:
1)Europe had been a great market for American goods; without a prosperous Europe, the US might have suffered a severe economic depression.
2) without American aid, Western Europe might have used socialist or Communist methods to rebuild, and U.S. leaders considered that undesirable.
3) Western Europe appeared open to influence by USSR, which the United States was beginning to see as its main rival.
4) West Germany had to be rebuilt as a buffer against Soviet expansion.
After careful planning, Marshall announced in June 1947 that if Europe devised a cooperative, long-term rebuilding program, the United States would provide funds. The Congress of the United States appropriated more than $13 billion in aid. The program achieved both its immediate and long-term aims: When the aid ended in 1952, Communist control of Western Europe had been averted, West Germany was independent, rearming, and economically booming.
19. The origins of the Cold War(1946–1991).
After the Second World War, America experienced a period of great economic growth. The United States launched massive economic reconstruction efforts, first in Western Europe and then in Japan (also in South Korea and Taiwan). The Marshall Plan began to pump $12 billion into Western Europe.the US and the USSR became rivals for global dominance. After WWII, the United States emerged as a global superpower.
British prime minister Winston Churchill popularized the term “Iron Curtain”. The term described the isolation of eastern European nations that fell under control of the USSR. That was the start of the COLD WAR policy.
- The policy of containment and the escalation of the Cold War, the Eisenhower administration and the policy of "massive retaliation".
This policy was further articulated in the Truman Doctrine Speech of March 1947, which argued that the US would have to contribute 4 billion dollars to help Greece and Turkey, to efforts to "contain" communism. Truman ordered the development of hydrogen bomb. 1949- NATO because of widespread fear of Communism. In early 1950 came the first U.S. effort to opposing communist forces in Vietnam, plans to form a West German army, and proposals for a peace treaty with Japan that would guarantee long-term U.S. military bases.
In 1953, Stalin died, and the new president, Dwight D. Eisenhower used the opportunity to end the Korean War, but continued Cold War policies. His Secretary of State John Foster Dulles - the policy of "massive retaliation,"(they can use nuclear weapons) which Dulles announced early in 1954 wielding the vast superiority of the U.S. nuclear arsenal. Dulles defined this approach as "brinksmanship."(баланс на грани войны)
The Cold War reached its height during the Cuban Missile Crisis. The crisis began on October 16, 1962 and lasted for thirteen days. When the U.S. discovered 42 Soviet nuclear missiles on Cuba, President John F. Kennedy demanded their removal and announced a naval blockade of the island. It is regarded by many as the moment when the Cold War was closest to becoming nuclear war.