MONEY

money=dough=bucks=greens

Account/checking account – operation account/savings account – interest account/high-interest account - deposit

Bill(British) – both receive and pay/cheque=check(American)

to write out a cheque

A receipt [ri`si:t]

To lend, a loan

Can you give me a loan?

To borrow money

To earn/gain money

To be hard up=to have practically no money

To be well-off/well to do/wealthy

Prosperous/prosperity - процветание “Most people in this city live in great prosperity”

To save/to spend/to waste=to blow out money – быстро растранжирить

To make a purchase

Valuable/worthless

To take out some money from a credit card

Credit card/debit card/plastics

to pay with plastic

Guarantee “The food mixer has a twelve month guarantee”

To owe the bank some money

To pay the bills – оплатить счета

To pay back “If you borrow money, you should pay it back”.

To pay in “We paid in a lot of money on the decorating for this house”

To pay off one’s debts “Whenever Ann loses a bet she refuses to pay off”

payday

payment bills - счета

to make the check payable to smb

a well-paid job/ a low-paid job

a cashier/an accountant/ a manager/an investor

a customer

an heir

a miser - скряга/ a swindler - жулик

profitable – additional money

to save a small amount of money

to put money aside for a rainy day

“Most banks pay interest on your savings”/”If you put money in a bank it will earn 10per cent interest”/”The banks charge you interest(%)” – годовые, дивиденды

notes=banknotes

to open an account

a check book

to be a real bargain

“That house was very expensive, I couldn’t afford it“

mortgage – ипотека

credit limit(on the card)

the credit history

a social security card

to default on the payments – задолжать по выплатам

to cough up – involuntarily give money

to lose one’s shirt

to pay through the nose= to overpay

to have deep pockets/ to be a money bag

fare/fees

“He made his fortune”

ATM(automatic teller machine) to take out some money from your credit card at/from the ATM

To rent an apartment

A debt/ a debtor

Deal

“Small money-small problems,

Big money-big problems...”

show the money (the color) – а деньги у тебя есть?

flush with cash = stinking rich = wallowing in money

to ask for a loan

to pay a loan back

to be on a tight budget

debit card

warranty – a document/ guarantee

to lose a bet

“gets and gives”

to get some profit

credit rating = credit score

to spend the last cent

transaction – сделка

currency

hard currency твёрдая валюта

exchange rate

real estate agency

money laundering

to think that someone is made of money

money lender

throw good money after bad – in an attempt to compensate for a loss

money for jam/old rope – earned without any effort

ready money – cash which is immediately available

not for love nor money – under no circumstances

for my money – inf. in my opinion

In the money – earning a lot of money

have money to burn – money spent unnecessarily

spend money like water

to be broke

to be in the black – с прибылью/in the red – в минусе

hot money

cash flow – personal budget

benefit – from government

to pay good money for smth. to smb.

put/pump/pour money into smth. – invest

Money is no object.

marry (into) money

Money talks.

to counterfeit money – подделывать

to produce money

to squander money

to be out of money = no money

to tie up money for smth. – invest

black money – illegal

easy money

bribe

hush money- to keep one’s mouth shut

prize money

prize fund

seed money – to start up a business

well-spent money

mad money = stash – заначка

to stash up

bank vault

to withdraw money from

withdrawal

spendthrift

scholarship – very persona, competitive term

grant – for some research

lump sum – единая сумма

stipend – monthly

to declare smb. bankrupt

to declare bankruptcy

a quid – фунт стерлингов

to cost a fortune

Get rich or die trying

an allowance

a commission

a legacy – наследство/наследие

a dividend

a share - акция

a premium – страховой взнос

donation

tip

ransom- выкуп

expense

to impose a tax on smb.

royalty – авторский гонорар

alimony – for a period of time

child support – алименты

a pension

retirement age

a bonus - премия

to be strapped for cash – to be short of money

an outstanding debt – просроченный долг

mizzy dollar

pretty penny

to hand over fist

to make big bucks

bankable

to be loaded

to go on the dole – пособие

to charge money

a war loan

На бирже

a bull – rises

a bear – goes down

a margin – разница

to scalp

back in the black

cash cow

even Stephen

to come into play

to sit on a money box

the currency of the choice

yen

jet-setters

to get a good bank on your dollar

money go down the drain

a fat cat

to accept money to be out of money to borrow money // to lend money to bring money

to carry money to cash checks to charge money to claim money to collect money // to make a collection to convert currency to count money to counterfeit to cry about money

to deposit money to dig for money to earn money // to make money // to raise money to exchange money to find money to forget to bring money to get money (back) to keep money safe to hand money over to handle money to have enough money to hide money

to inherit money to inject money in ... to invest money to issue money to launder money to lend money // to borrow money to look for money // to dig for money to loose money to love money // to hate

to keep money in a safe place to make money // to raise money to mint money to multiply to owe money to part with money to pay money // to pay back to present to put money (back)

to raise money to receive money to reject money to return money to run out of money to save money to send money to spend money to split the bill // to break the bill to steal money

to take money without a permission to tear money // to wear money to transfer money to transport to use money in a proper way to waste money to worship money

" M O N E Y "

Workers earn it, Spendthrifts burn it, Bankers lend it, Women spend it, Forgers fake it, Taxes take it, Dying leave it, Heirs receive it, Thrifty save it, Misers crave it, Robbers seize it, Rich increase it, Gamblers lose it ... I can use it.

(Richard Armour)

heir - наследник; miser - скупой, скупец; скряга; spendthrift - расточитель, мот; to crave - страстно желать; жаждать (for); просить, умолять;

What is Money?

Metal rings were used as money in ancient Egypt. This was the first step towards the use of metal coins. The first coins were used in Asia Minor about 2,700 years ago. The use of coins spread over the entire world. They were handy to carry, did not wear out easily, did not decay or die, and did not require food.

The coins were usually made by governments, and the value was stamped on each disk. Coins were made in different sizes. Their value was determined by their size and weight. Thus they could be used in making change.

Today, each country usually makes its own money. Sometimes a country has several kinds of coins. Our country, for example, mints several different coins as a part of its money system. The value of most coins is no longer determined by their weight. Many coins, including those of the United States, have only token value. This means that the value of the metal in them is less than their face value. People are willing to accept token coins because they trust their governments.

Coins are handy in making change and in buying things that do not cost much. But handling large amounts of money in coins is not easy. Large sacks of coins are heavy and bulky. Still, for many centuries men did not have the handy substitutes such as money-paper money and checks we use today.

Paper money first came into use in China about six centuries ago. Gradually its use spread into all countries that carry on trade and commerce.

Paper money began as written notes from merchants, moneylenders, or goldsmiths to pay cash upon demand. So long as the ones who issued the notes were honest and were able to pay cash upon demand, people preferred to carry the notes instead of coins.

As more and more people gained confidence in paper money, its use increased in all types of trade. Paper money is now issued by governments. The United States has printed its own money since 1861.

Idioms

Take care of the pence and the pounds will take care of themselves.

To have money to burn.

Time is money.

To pour money down the drain.

Money makes money.

He who pays the piper calls the tune.

Money is the root of all evil.

Lend your money and lose a friend.

Money makes the mare go.

To spend money like water.

To be in the money.

Types of money

Currently, most modern monetary systems are based on fiat money. However, for most of history, almost all money was commodity money, such as gold and silver coins. As economies developed, commodity money was eventually replaced by representative money, such as the gold standard, as traders found the physical transportation of gold and silver burdensome. Fiat currencies gradually took over in the last hundred years, especially since the breakup of the Bretton Woods system in the early 1970s.

Commodity money

A 1914 British Gold sovereign

Many items have been used as commodity money such as naturally scarce precious metals, conch shells, barley, beads etc., as well as many other things that are thought of as having value. Commodity money value comes from the commodity out of which it is made. The commodity itself constitutes the money, and the money is the commodity.^[19] Examples of commodities that have been used as mediums of exchange include gold, silver, copper, rice, salt, peppercorns, large stones, decorated belts, shells, alcohol, cigarettes, cannabis, candy, etc. These items were sometimes used in a metric of perceived value in conjunction to one another, in various commodity valuation or Price System economies. Use of commodity money is similar to barter, but a commodity money provides a simple and automatic unit of account for the commodity which is being used as money. Although some gold coins such as the Krugerrand are considered legal tender, there is no record of their face value on either side of the coin. The rationale for this is that emphasis is laid on their direct link to the prevailing value of their fine gold content.^[20] American Eagles are imprinted with their gold content and legal tender face value.^[21]

Representative money

In 1875 economist William Stanley Jevons described what he called "representative money," i.e., money that consists of token coins, or other physical tokens such as certificates, that can be reliably exchanged for a fixed quantity of a commodity such as gold or silver. The value of representative money stands in direct and fixed relation to the commodity that backs it, while not itself being composed of that commodity.^[22]

Fiat money

Fiat money or fiat currency is money whose value is not derived from any intrinsic value or guarantee that it can be converted into a valuable commodity (such as gold). Instead, it has value only by government order (fiat). Usually, the government declares the fiat currency (typically notes and coins from a central bank, such as the Federal Reserve System in the U.S.) to be legal tender, making it unlawful to not accept the fiat currency as a means of repayment for all debts, public and private.^[23][24]

Some bullion coins such as the Australian Gold Nugget and American Eagle are legal tender, however, they trade based on the market price of the metal content as a commodity, rather than their legal tender face value (which is usually only a small fraction of their bullion value).^[21][25]

Fiat money, if physically represented in the form of currency (paper or coins) can be accidentally damaged or destroyed. However, fiat money has an advantage over representative or commodity money, in that the same laws that created the money can also define rules for its replacement in case of damage or destruction. For example, the U.S. government will replace mutilated Federal Reserve notes (U.S. fiat money) if at least half of the physical note can be reconstructed, or if it can be otherwise proven to have been destroyed.^[26] By contrast, commodity money which has been lost or destroyed cannot be recovered.