§ 63. Geographic names that generally take no article may be occasionally found with the definite or indefinite articles. This oc- curs in the following cases.

1) The definite article is found when there is a limiting at- tribute.

e.g. In Ivanhoe Walter Scott described the England of the Middle Ages.

2) The indefinite article is found when a geographic name is modified by a descriptive attribute which, brings out a special aspect.

e.g. The flier went on to say: "There will be a different Germany

after the war. " It was a new Russia that he found on his return. Note. The definite article is always used with the pattern: a common noun + of + a proper name, e.g. the City of New York, the village of Grasmere, the Cape of Good Hope, the Gulf of Mexico, the Straits of Gibraltar, the Straits of Malacca, the Straits of Dover, the Bay of Biscay, the Bay of Bengal, the Gulf of Finland, the Lake of Geneva, the Island of Majorca, etc.

The Use of Articles with Miscellaneous Proper Names

§ 64. This group of proper names includes names of various places, objects and notions. Within certain semantic groups of these nouns the use of articles is not stable — it may vary from proper name to proper name. Hence it is sometimes necessary to memorize them as separate items. In other instances it is possible i to outline only the general tendency in the use of articles within a semantic group.

1) Names of streets (a), parks (b) and squares (c) tend to be used without any article, e.g.

a) Oxford Street, Southampton Row, Kingsway, Pall Mall, Pic- cadilly, Fleet Street, Whitehall, Wall Street, etc.

But names of some streets are traditionally used with the defi- nite article, e.g. the Strand, the High Street and some others.

Note. Names of streets in foreign countries are sometimes used with the de- finite article, e.g. the Rue de Rlvoli (in Paris), the Via Manzoni (in Milan), etc.

b) Hyde Park, Central Park, Memorial Park, Regent's Park, ■ etc.

But: the Snowdonia National Park, the Botanical Gardens, etc.

Note. Names of parks in foreign countries are often used with the definite article, e.g. the Gorki Park (in Moscow), the Tiergarten (in Berlin), etc.

c) Trafalgar Square, Russel Square, Hyde Park Corner, Picca- dilly Circus, Leicester Square, etc. 2) There is no article with names of universities and colleges, e.g. London University, Cambridge University, Oxford University, Harvard University, Trinity College, etc.

Note. The definite article is used in the combinations: the University of Lon- don, the University of Moscow, etc.

3) There is a growing tendency not to use any article with names of airports and railway stations, e.g. London Airport, Moscow Airport, Victoria Station, etc.

4) Names of theatres (a), museums (b), picture galleries (c), concert halls (d), cinemas (e), clubs (f) and hotels (g) tend to be used with the definite article, e.g.

1. the Coliseum Theatre, the Opera House, the Bolshoi The- atre, etc.;

2. the British Museum, the Scottish National Museum, etc.;

3. the National Gallery, the Tate {gallery), the Tretiakov Gal lery, the Hermitage, the Louvre, etc.;

4. the Festival Hall, the Albert Hall, the Carnegie Hall, the Chaikovsky Hall, etc.;

5. the Empire, the Dominion, the Odeon, etc.;

6. the National Liberal Club, the Rotary Club, etc.;

7. the Ambassador Hotel, the Continental Hotel, the Savoy, etc.

But in newspaper announcements and advertisements the arti- cle is usually not found with these nouns.

5. Names of ships and boats are used with the definite article, e.g. the Sedov, the Titanic, etc.

6. Names of newspapers and magazines are generally used with the definite article, e.g. The Times, The Guardian, The Lan- cet, etc. Note, however, Give me a Times, please.

7. The use of articles with names of separate buildings varies from name to name and should be remembered as a special item, e.g. Scotland Yard, Westminster Abbey, Buckingham Palace, etc. But: the Old Bailey, the Tower, the Royal Exchange, etc.

8. Names of territories consisting of a word combination in which the last word is a common noun are generally used with the definite article, e.g. the Lake District, the Yorkshire Forests, the Kalinin Region, the Virgin Lands, etc.

8. Names of months (a) and the days of the week (b) are used

without any article,

e.g. a) January, February, March, etc.

b) Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, etc.

Compare, however: We met on Friday ('Мы встретились в прошлую пятницу'} and We met on a Friday ('Мы встретились

однажды в пятницу').

10) Names of state institutions, organizations and political

parties are used with the definite article, e.g. the Liberal Party

the National Trust, the Church, the London City Council, etc. But: Parliament (in Great Britain), (the) Congress (in the USA), NATO.

11) Names of languages are used without any article unless the noun language is mentioned, e.g. English, French, Japanese, etc. But: the English language, the Italian language, the Polish language, etc.

Note. Note the phrases: Translated from the German and What is the French for "book"?

12) We find the definite article with names of some gram- matical categories, such as names of tenses, moods, voices, cases and others, e.g. the Past Indefinite, the Passive Voice, the Condi- tional Mood, the Genitive Case, etc.