3. A) Listen to an expert talking about tourism. What type of tourism hasn’t been mentioned?

adventure tourism	disaster tourism	nautical tourism
agritourism	eco tourism	pop-culture tourism
armchair tourism	educational tourism	space tourism
backpacking	ethno tourism	voluntourism
cultural tourism	faith tourism	war tourism
culinary tourism	health tourism	wildlife tourism
dark tourism

b) Read and match the definitions with the types of tourism above.

A. As part of the green movement, A is defined as a responsible, low-impact travel to fragile, untouched and protected areas. This type of domestic and international tourism involves volunteer work and the promotion of recycling, energy efficiency, water conservation and implementation of economic opportunities.

B. For the more doom-and-gloom type of tourist, this kind of tourism – also called grief tourism – involves visiting sites associated with suffering and death, for example: concentration camps. These also include castles and battlefields, natural and manmade disaster areas, prisons, and dungeons.

C. This kind of tourism usually involves hiking and camping overnight in the backcountry with not much more than a backpack carrying supplies and equipment. In a professional sense, it’s used by soldiers, professional guides, photographers, scientific and academic researchers, rescue personnel. It is also used to describe low-cost, independent international travel that include factors such as using public transportation, staying in hostels instead of hotels, and – surprise! – using a backpack for portability.

D. As different kinds of tourism go, D - also called extreme tourism - is probably one of the most challenging. Travellers head for remote, exotic and possibly hostile areas to explore cultures or activities outside of their comfort zones. It can also include extreme activities such as mountaineering, bungee jumping, rafting, rock climbing and trekking. You’d have to be a daring type of tourist to choose some of these options!

E. E is a term the media uses to describe the idea of recreational travel to war zones for purposes of sightseeing and thrill seeking in dangerous and forbidden places.

F. Even though F existed long before, it gained importance during eighteenth century. This tourism is associated with spas, places with health-giving mineral waters, treating diseases from liver disorders and bronchitis.

G. Adventure tourism is related to G, which involves visiting areas that have been affected by floods, hurricanes, volcanoes and more. It is the act of travelling to a disaster area as a matter of curiosity. In recent years, G attractions have ranged from sightseeing the ruins of New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina to visiting crime sites like that of the Soham murders in Cambridge, UK.

H. As a type of both foreign and domestic tourism, it involves activities that bring visitors to a farm or ranch. H has different definitions in different parts of the world, and sometimes refers specifically to farm stays, as in Italy. Elsewhere, it includes a wide variety of activities, including buying produce direct from a farm stand, navigating a corn maze, picking fruit, feeding animals, or staying at a B&B on a farm. It’s one of the growing forms of tourism in areas including Australia, Canada, the U.S. and the Philippines.

I. Another of our different types of tourism combines sailing and boating with vacationing and travel. Many of these types of tourists live on their boats and take port in different areas to explore. In fact, it’s become such a popular kind of tourism that marinas have been built specifically for nautical tourists in Europe, South America and Australia.

J. J, or heritage tourism, involves immersion in a society’s lifestyle, its people’s history, its art and architecture, its religion, and any other elements that have shaped it and its people. It can also include participation in a country’s rituals or festivals.

K. This type of tourism refers to visiting a foreign location for the sake of observing the country’s native people for the sake of non-scientific gain. Some extreme forms of this include attempting to make first contact with tribes that are protected from outside. The most popular locations are remote areas of the Amazon, Thailand, and Indonesia.

L. In its simplest definition, L is the observation of wild animals in their natural habitats. It’s especially popular in countries with large areas of undeveloped land, such as Africa, South America, Australia, India, Canada, Indonesia, Bangladesh and more.

M. M is, in fact, travel in space! Obviously, most of this is done for business purposes because the average person can’t afford a quick getaway to outer space … though it can be done! The Russian Space Agency is the only one that offers it, but reportedly it comes in at a whopping $20-35 million per flight.

N. In N, the main focus of the tour or leisure activity includes visiting another country to learn about the culture, such as in Student Exchange Programs and Study Tours, or to work and apply skills learned inside the classroom in a different environment.

O. This kind of tourism is pretty much exactly what it sounds like – going to visit locations featured in books, film, music, TV and other forms of entertainment. And it appeals to many different types of tourists – who are not interested in Elvis or Superman or the Beatles or Seinfeld or something?

P. This type of tourism encompasses travellers who visit independently or in groups holy cities or holy sites for missionary, pilgrimage or leisure. The largest mass pilgrimage takes place annually in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Often, tourists list a deeper understanding and appreciation of their religion, a feeling of security in their beliefs, and personal connection as the main purposes of the travel.

Q. Q is experiencing the food of the country, region or area, and is now considered a vital component of the tourism experience. Dining out is common among tourists and "food is believed to rank alongside climate, accommodation, and scenery" in importance to tourists. It is also defined as the pursuit of unique and memorable eating and drinking experiences.

R. This growing form of tourism features travel for charitable or volunteer purposes – this is one of the more popular types of domestic tourism, but can also reach internationally. Trips can range from wildlife cleanup to medical aid in a foreign country, and more.