Byous and beacons

Look at the picture.

What is it?

Read the text and try to retell it

Buoys and Beacons

Buoys and beacons are used for marking dangers at sea, for marking approaches to entrances, for defining channels, fairways and their positions etc.

Buoys and beacons may be of various shapes and colours. The shape is more important than colour, as certain shapes are used for particular purposes. Buoys may be lit and they may have topmark.

There are pillar shaped buoys, can buoys, spar buoys, spindle buoys, nun buoys, spherical buoys etc.

Their colour may be green, red, black, yellow etc.

At night many buoys exhibit lights: green, red, white, yellow etc.

They may be checkered or painted in horizontal bands or vertical stripes.

Buoys may be surmounted by top marks, such as a can, a cone, a sphere, cones points upward, cones points downward, cones base to base, cones point to point, a ball, a staff, a cross, downturned brooms, upturned brooms etc. Topmark may be painted in green, red, black and other colours.

Exercise 2. Answer the questions

1. What are buoys and beacons used for?

2. What do they mark?

3. What do you know about the shapes and colours of buoys and beacons?

4. How are buoys and beacons painted?

5. What topmarks do you know?

6. What may buoys be surmounted by?

Exercise 3. Retell the text, using the expressions listed below

1. The text is headlined

2. The text deals with

3. The aim of the text is to provide some information on

The text describes

Further it is said that…….

In conclusion

Buoyage systems and types of buoys

Buoyage systems and types of buoy The main buoayge systems that are employed are the Lateral Buoyage system and the Cardinal buoayge system. The Lateral system is subdivided into two separate systems: the IALA-A system and IALA-B system. The starboard side of the fairway is indicated by the green-coloured conical shape in the A-system, and the port side is indicated by the red-coloured can-shape. America and some oriental countries employ the B-system: starboard is indicated by a red-coloured cone, and the port is indicated by a green-coloured can. Buoys in the Cardinal system are used to indicate how to pass a danger in a certain quadrant or area. The position of the danger is indicated by North-, South-,East-, and West-Cardinal buoys. They will give the navigator information regarding the vessel’s position in reference to the position of the danger. Cardinal buoys are pillar-or spar-shaped.

Special buoys indicate special features in the fairway that can be looked up in the Pilot book. They may haveany shape and are fitted with a yellow light. Landfall mark marks safe water of sufficient depth and indicate that one approaches the coast. They are pillar-, and spar-, or spherical-shaped and are fitted with a white light. Isolated danger marks are pillar-or spar-shaped and are fitted with a white light. Topmarks(Daymarks). They may be a can, a cone, a sphere or a cross.

Cardinal buoys

Answer the following questions

1. What systems are the buoyage system divided into?

2. What is the lateral system used for?

3. What is the Cardinal system used for?

4. How are the North Cardinal buoys indicated?

5. How are the South Cardinal buoys indicated?

6. How are the West Cardinal buoys indicated?

7. How are the East Cardinal Buoys indicated?

8. What information does a pillar buoy provide itself?

9. What are the Yellow Spherical buoys used for?

10. What are the spherical buoys painted in vertical stripes used for?

11. How is direction of the ship marked in a IALA -A system?

12. What are the odd numbers used for in a Lateral System?

13. What are the even numbers used for in a Lateral System?

14. What lights may be exhibited from Lateral buoys?

15. What are the cardinal colours? What do they mean? Draw the picture.

16. What lights are used on Safe water buoys?

Make the meaningful sentences composing two expressions together. Ask wh-questions to the sentences.

1) Lights 1.mark approaches

2. Are surmounted by upturned brooms.

2) A buoy 3. Are exhibited from poles….

4. Is painted yellow

5. Are used for mooring

3) A light 6. Exhibit occulting lights

7. Is surmounted by a broom

4) Buoys 8 exhibits a flashing light.

9 Is shown from a tower.

Ask questions using the model:

Model: A spar (spars) is (are) used to mark the sides of the banks.

For what purpose is (are) a spar(s) used?

1. The lateral system is used to mark fairways.

2. The cardinal system is used to mark the reefs or isolated dangers.

3. Perches (шесты) are used to mark the fishing nets.

4. A conical buoy is moored to mark the submarine cable.

5. The buoys are placed to show dangers.

Listen to and repeat the following dialogues:

1. A: Are the center line buoys conical?

B: no, they are spherical.

A: What are they used for?

B: To mark the deepest part of the fairway.

2. A: What is the cardinal system used for?

B: to mark reefs and isolated dangers in outer areas.

3. A: Do you see a light-buoy in the vicinity?

B: No, I don’t.

A: May be it has been removed.

4. A: Which course shall I steer?

B: As soon as you notice a white beacon, alter the course 10⁰ to port.

5. A: Which way shall we make for X?

B: when you see a black staff, change the course to the bay channel.

A: And how is the channel marked?

B: by red and white striped beacon.

Translate the words in the brackets and use in the necessary Voice.

1. A red conical (буй), surmounted by a (шаром), is (выставляется) about 5 ^½ miles, southwestward of K. (мыса).

2. A black (конический) buoy, (увенчанный) by a cone, is moored, in a (конусом) of 9 feet (2m7), on the northern edge of a (мели), close westward of the quay at O.

3. Buoyage. The fairway buoy, moored off the bar (прохода), is a light-and-bell-buoy, painted black, (оборудованный) radar (отражателем) and exhibiting a white flashing (огонь).

4. (Проходы) in the harbors are (обозначены) on the starboard-hand entering by red conical buoys, (увенчанными) by spheres on the port-hand by black can buoys, surmounted by squares.

Give English equivalents of the following expressions and make up your own sentences.

• Буй, увенчанный шаром

• Буй, увенчанный конусом

• Буй, установленный вблизи канала

• Буй, оборудованный радиолокационным отражателем

• Буи, увенчанные сферическими фигурами

• Буи, увенчанные квадратами

• Буй, установленный в 12 милях от….

• Цилиндрический буй, окрашенный в зеленый цвет.

Write down two or more different words that can combine with each of the words below

Buoys ……. ……………

To be surmounted………. ………. …………

To be marked by ……. …………. . ……………..

To be painted …………. ………….. ……………….

To be fitted with…… ………. …….. ……..

Read and put the necessary prepositions: about, of, by, on, with, of, on.

The main channel and B. channel are marked……black buoys, the positions …which can be seen…the chart.N1 is a can buoy, …. .a conical superstructure… the north-eastern side… the fairway, moored…9 ½ miles west-south-westward…S point.

Read the paragraphs from Pilot - book and translate them into Russian

1. There are three buoys in the harbour marking the channel.

2. A red bell buoy with a staff is moored close off the north-eastern extremity of Doboy.

3. A black nun buoy is placed at the western end of the channel in a depth of 25 feet. Vessels must pass northward of it.

4. A black spar buoy, with conical topmark, is moored in a depth of 10 feet, on the shoal extending off the western entrance point of the bay.

5. A green wreck buoy lies close eastward of the black beacon buoy and on the south side of a sunken wreck, on which there is a least depth of 26 feet.

6. A red spar buoy, surmounted by a ball, is moored in a depth of 5 V₂ fath- oms, at 6 cables eastward from the old lighthouse, to mark the extremity of the rocky ledge extending in that direction.

7. A can buoy and red spar buoy lie on the south-eastern side of the shoals on the northern side of the approach, at a distance of 16 miles, 82° true, from Zumber Lighthouse.

8. A spherical buoy painted in black and white horizontal stripes, surmounted by an iron staff and cross, lies close south-eastward of Cabretta.

9. A black spindle buoy with cylindrical topmark is moored off the extreme of the shallow reef, extending about 1V₃ cables southward from rocky ledges, one of which dries 9 feet.

10. A pillar shaped whistle buoy, painted in black and white horizontal bands, marked "L. P.", surmounted by a staff, and exhibiting a white occulting light is placed in 12 fathoms about lV₄ miles north-eastward of the northern extremity of Tybee Bank.

11. A black and red vertically striped conical buoy marked "S. M.", with a ropmark consisting of a cone point down surmounted by a cross, is established off the entrance to Stingray, arid about l³/₄ miles eastward of Saldera light-and-whistle buoy.

12. The fairway buoy, situated about 4 miles north-westward of Cora Light- house, is a red and black chequered conical buoy with a topmark consisting of a double cross over a cone point down. No. 1 red and No. 2 black, situated about 8 cables southeastward of the fairway buoy have a cage and a truncated cone topmark respectively.

13. A light-buoy, exhibiting a fixed red light, established southward of Auts Bank in a position about 13/4 miles east-north-eastward of Colpoys Point. A light- buoy exhibiting a fixed green light is established near the anchorage in a position about 5 cables north-north-eastward of Range Point. The position of the light buoys are not to be depended upon.

14. In difficult parts of the river the channel is marked by red conical and black can buoys; during winter they are replaced by spar buoys. Red buoys indicate that the channel lies between them and the right bank and they must therefore be left on the starboard hand by vessels proceeding up-river.

15. A light-and-bell-buoy, with red and black horizontal bands, and showing a short white flash every two seconds, is moored on the north-eastern side of Potter Rock.

16. California Rock, small in extent, with a depth of 9 feet over it, lies nearly in mid-channel in the passage north-eastward of Pennock Island, about half a mile northward of the south-eastern extremity of the island. It is marked on its north- eastern side by a black barrel shaped buoy with a topmark consisting of a cone point down.

17. A light-and-whistle-buoy, painted red, marked No. 2, exhibiting a white flashing light of one second's duration every ten seconds, is moored about 3 cables south-south-westward of Barwell Island.

B

1. A red beacon stands on the northern side of the shoal.

2. A red conical beacon stands on the edge of the reef extending about half a mile south-westward of Felice.

3. A beacon marks the edge of the reef extending northward from the southern entrance point of the bay.

4. A beacon, the position of which is approximate, stands near the northern end of the reef on the western side of the entrance.

Translate the following sentences into Russian

(A.) 1. A pillar shaped whistle buoy.

2. A black barrel shaped buoy.

3. A ball topmark.

4. A diamond shaped topmark.

5. An entrance point.

6. A fairway buoy.