Text mathematics as a science

Mathematics is an activity which has as its purpose the formulation and understanding of a complete model of the universe. Mathematics as a science is a collection of branches. They are arithmetic, algebra, geometry, trigonometry and others. Ancient Egyptians used arithmetic and geometry more than 5,000 years ago to measure out plots of land and to build pyramids with great accuracy. Arithmetic deals with numbers and calculating. Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are its main operations. Geometry is concerned with lines, angles, figures and solids. Greeks such as Euclid worked out most of the general principles of geometry, called theorems, about 2,500 years ago. Algebra is a kind of mathematical shorthand that uses symbols to stand for unknown quantities. It was developed by the Arabs less than 1,200 years ago. Arithmetic, geometry, and algebra are the foundations of mathematics.

Mathematicians divide mathematics into pure and applied mathematics. Pure mathematics is an investigation of mathematical theories and ideas. The study of the whole numbers, the development of the number theory and the theory of equations are examples of pure mathematics. Applied mathematics deals with the application of mathematical theories to the problems in different branches of science. The work in cybernetics is an outstanding example of applied mathematics. Another example of applied mathematics is statistics, which uses the theory of probability as a tool and allows the description, analysis, and prediction of phenomena.

Mathematics is the language of science. Engineers, physicists and other scientists use mathematics in their research to prove their ideas and theories.

TASKS

1. Give Russian equivalents of the words and transcribe them

1. mathematics (n.)

2. science (n.)

3. activity (n.)

4. purpose (n.)

5. ancient (adj.)

6. measure (v.)

7. pyramid (n.)

8. accuracy (n.)

9. angle (n.)

10. solids (n.)

11. theorem (n.)

12. symbol (n.)

13. quantity (n.)

14. foundation (n.)

15. idea (n.)

16. equation (n.)

17. cybernetics (n.)

18. physicist (n.)

2. Fill in the table with the corresponding nouns

Verb	Translation	Noun	Translation
add	складывать, прибавлять	addition	сложение
subtract	вычитать
divide	делить
multiply	умножать
develop	развивать
investigate	исследовать
apply	применять
understand	понимать
describe	описывать
predict	предсказывать
measure	измерять

3. Give equivalents of the following words

to work - to work out

to measure - to measure out

to carry- to carry out

to stand - to stand for

4. Find synonyms

to apply, to be concerned with, supervision, investigation, to deal with, to use, research, guidance

5. Read the following groups of words

1. mathematics – mathematician – mathematical –mathematically

2. science – scientist – scientific – scientifically

3. active – actively – activity –activate –activation

4. formulate- formulation– formula –formulae

5. universe– universal– university

6. geometry –geometric – geometrician

7. accuracy – accurate accurately

6. Read and translate the text

7. Insert in the prepositions or adverbs

Mathematics is an activity which has as its purpose the formulation and understanding ____ a complete model____ the universe. Mathematics as a science is a collection ___ branches. They are arithmetic, algebra, geometry, trigonometry and others. Ancient Egyptians used arithmetic and geometry more than 5,000 years ago to measure ___ plots___ land and to build pyramids___ great accuracy. Arithmetic deals___numbers and calculating. Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are its main operations. Geometry is concerned___ lines, angles, figures and solids. Greeks such as Euclid worked ___ most of the general principles of geometry, called theorems, about 2,500 years ago. Algebra is a kind ___ mathematical shorthand that uses symbols to stand ___ unknown quantities. It was developed _____ the Arabs less than 1,200 years ago. Arithmetic, geometry, and algebra are the foundations ___ mathematics.

Mathematicians divide mathematics ___ pure and applied mathematics. Pure mathematics is an investigation ___ mathematical theories and ideas. The study ___ the whole numbers, the development ___ the number theory and the theory ___ equations are examples ___ pure mathematics. Applied mathematics deals ___ the application ___ mathematical theories ___ the problems ___ different branches ___ science. The work ___ cybernetics is an outstanding example ___ applied mathematics. Another example ___ applied mathematics is statistics, which uses the theory ____ probability as a tool and allows the description, analysis, and prediction_____ phenomena.

Mathematics is the language ____ science. Engineers, physicists and other scientists use mathematics ___ their research to prove their ideas and theories.

8. Open the brackets using the verbs in the Present Indefinite

Mathematics (to be) an activity which (to have) as its purpose the formulation and understanding of a complete model of the universe. Mathematics as a science (to be) a collection of branches. They (to be) arithmetic, algebra, geometry, trigonometry and others. Ancient Egyptians used arithmetic and geometry more than 5,000 years ago to measure out plots of land and to build pyramids with great accuracy. Arithmetic (to deal) with numbers and calculating. Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division (to be) its main operations. Geometry (to be) concerned with lines, angles, figures and solids. Greeks such as Euclid worked out most of the general principles of geometry, called theorems, about 2,500 years ago. Algebra (to be) a kind of mathematical shorthand that (to use) symbols to stand for unknown quantities. It was developed by the Arabs less than 1,200 years ago. Arithmetic, geometry, and algebra (to be) the foundations of mathematics.

Mathematicians (to divide) mathematics into pure and applied mathematics. Pure mathematics (to be) an investigation of mathematical theories and ideas. The study of the whole numbers, the development of the number theory and the theory of equations (to be) examples of pure mathematics. Applied mathematics (to deal) with the application of mathematical theories to the problems in different branches of science. The work in cybernetics (to be) an outstanding example of applied mathematics. Another example of applied mathematics (to be) statistics, which (to use) the theory of probability as a tool and (to allow) the description, analysis, and prediction of phenomena.

Mathematics (to be) the language of science. Engineers, physicists and other scientists (to use) mathematics in their research to prove their ideas and theories.

9. Define the following using the text:

1. Mathematics

2. Arithmetic

3. Geometry

4. Algebra

5. Pure mathematics

6. Applied mathematics

10. Develop the following statements

1. Mathematics as a science is a collection of branches.

2. Arithmetic, geometry, and algebra are the foundations of mathematics.

3. Arithmetic deals with numbers and calculating.

4. Pure mathematics is an investigation of mathematical theories and ideas.

5. Applied mathematics deals with the application of mathematical theories to the problems in different branches of science.

6. Mathematics is the language of science.

11. Fill in the blanks

1. Mathematics as a science is a collection of branches. ____ are arithmetic, algebra, geometry, trigonometry and others.

2. ______ used arithmetic and geometry more than 5,000 years ago to measure out plots of land and to build pyramids with great accuracy.

3. _____ deals with numbers and calculating.

4. Addition, _____, multiplication, and _____ are its main operations.

5. _____ is concerned with lines, ____, figures and ____.

6. ____ such as _____ worked out most of the general principles of geometry, called theorems, about 2,500 years ago.

7. _____ is a kind of mathematical shorthand that uses symbols to stand for unknown quantities.

8. It was developed by _____ less than 1,200 years ago.

9. Arithmetic, geometry, and____ are the foundations of mathematics.

10. Mathematicians divide mathematics into pure and ___ mathematics.

11. _____ is an investigation of mathematical theories and ideas.

12. The study of ______, the development of the number theory and the theory of ______ are examples of pure mathematics.

13. _____- deals with the application of mathematical theories to the problems in different branches of science.

14. The work in _____ is an outstanding _____ of applied mathematics.

15. Another example of applied mathematics is _____, which uses the theory of probability as a tool and allows the description, analysis, and ______ of phenomena.

16. _____ is the language of science.

17. Engineers, physicists and other scientists use mathematics in their _____ to prove their ideas and ______.

12. Learn the text