IV. Match the term to its definition:

1. dam	1. A horizontal part projecting beyond a pier, etc. which supports it at one end only.
2. spillway	2. A hard strong substance made by mixing sand and gravel with cement and water, used as a building material.
3. embankment	3. A barrier constructed and used for controlling navigation, supplying towns and villages, irrigating the land or producing electrical energy.
4. cantilever	4. An aggregate of particles composed of one or more minerals, forming the major part of the earth’s crust.
5. concrete	5. A raised bank built to confine a river or canal, or to carry a road or railroad.
6. rock	6. The part of a dam over which water flows.

Unit 15

I. Grammar:	Participle I, Participle II. Constructions with Participle.
II. Texts:	1. The Use of Water Resources in Land Reclamation.
	2. Water Management of Ukraine.

I. Grammar exercises

1.1. Translate the following sentences taking into account the Participle in different functions:

1. There are languages spoken by only several thousands of people.

2. If given opportunity our economy will rapidly develop.

3. Do you know the man speaking Spanish?

4. Having finished his experiment the researcher began to analyse the data obtained.

5. The bisector is a straight line dividing an angle into two equal parts.

6. Being a very industrious student he managed to make great progress in English.

7. Having said this, they stopped speaking.

8. They looked at the destroyed earth dam.

9. Studying new words he always writes them down in his note-book.

10. We knew nothing about the given facts.

11. The methods described in the new magazine have great importance for the process.

12. He looked for the things belonging to his elder brother.

13. Mary stood for a time in silence, watching and listening.

14. He saw a passing shadow on her face.

15. They ran to the steps leading down the water.

16. Having been packed, the parcel was taken to the post-office.

1.2. Find in the text the sentences with the Participles and Participle Complexes, state their forms and translate them into Ukrainian.

1.3. Translate the sentences with Participle Complexes. Comment on their forms and structure:

1. The next morning, it being Saturday, they all went to the river.

2. The bus could be seen waiting outside.

3. His brow contracting, he came into the hall.

4. The main part of the country area are hills, plains being only in the east.

5. At that moment footsteps were heard coming across the living-room.

6. And still he sat there, his hands lying in front of him.

7. We saw them working in the field.

8. She had her hair done.

9. The weather being fine, our family went for a walk.

10. Our teacher having visited Great Britain, we asked him to tell us about that country.

11. One day he was seen going into this cottage, but was never seen coming out of it.

12. The bridge being destroyed, they couldn’t cross the river.

13. His face clouded when he heard his name spoken.

14. He found his sister standing at the window.

15. A nightingale was heard singing in the garden.

16. I must have my photo taken.