- •Textbook Series
- •Contents
- •1 Definitions
- •Introduction
- •Abbreviations
- •Definitions
- •2 International Agreements and Organizations
- •The Chicago Convention
- •International Law
- •Commercial Considerations
- •Customs and Excise, and Immigration
- •International Obligations of Contracted States
- •Duties of ICAO Member States
- •Status of Annex Components
- •The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
- •The Organization of ICAO
- •Regional Structure of ICAO
- •Regional Structure and Offices
- •ICAO Publications
- •Other International Agreements
- •The Conventions of Tokyo, the Hague and Montreal
- •The Warsaw Convention
- •The Rome Convention
- •IATA
- •ECAC
- •EASA
- •Eurocontrol
- •World Trade Organization
- •Geneva Convention
- •EU Regulation 261/2004
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •3 Airworthiness of Aircraft
- •Introduction
- •Airworthiness
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •4 Aircraft Nationality and Registration Marks
- •Introduction
- •Nationality and Registration Marks
- •Certification of Registration
- •Aircraft Markings
- •Classification of Aircraft
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •5 Flight Crew Licensing
- •Introduction
- •Definitions
- •General Rules Concerning Licensing
- •Licences and Ratings for Pilots
- •Multi-crew Pilot Licence (MPL)
- •Instrument Rating (Aeroplane) (IR(A))
- •Instructor and Examiner Rating
- •JAR-FCL 3 Medical Requirements
- •Pilot Proficiency
- •EASA Theoretical Knowledge Examinations
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •6 Rules of the Air
- •History
- •Applicability of the Rules of the Air
- •General Rules
- •Visual Flight Rules
- •Instrument Flight Rules
- •Semi-circular Flight Level Rules and RVSM
- •Special VFR
- •Distress and Urgency Signals
- •Restricted, Prohibited or Danger Areas
- •Signals for Aerodrome Traffic
- •Marshalling Signals
- •Flight Deck Signals
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •Instrument Procedures
- •PANS OPS
- •Instrument Departure Procedures
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •8 Approach Procedures
- •Procedure Basics
- •Approach Procedure Design
- •Obstacle Clearance Altitude/Height
- •Operating Minima
- •Descent Gradients
- •Track Reversal and Racetracks
- •Missed Approach Segment and Procedure
- •Published Information
- •RNAV Approach Procedures based on VOR/DME
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •9 Circling Approach
- •Circling Approach
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •10 Holding Procedures
- •Holding Procedures
- •Entry Sectors
- •ATC Considerations
- •Obstacle Clearance
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •11 Altimeter Setting Procedure
- •Altimeter Setting Objectives
- •Transition
- •Phases of Flight
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •12 Parallel or Near-parallel Runway Operation
- •Safety
- •Runway Spacing
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •13 SSR and ACAS
- •Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS)
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •14 Airspace
- •Introduction
- •Control Areas and Zones
- •Classes of Airspace
- •Required Navigation Performance (RNP)
- •Airways and ATS Routes
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •15 Air Traffic Services
- •Introduction
- •Air Traffic Control
- •ATC Clearances
- •Control of Persons and Vehicles at Aerodromes
- •The Flight Information Service
- •The Alerting Service
- •Procedures
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •16 Separation
- •Concept of Separation
- •Vertical Separation
- •Horizontal Separation
- •Radar Separation
- •Procedural Wake Turbulence Separation
- •Radar Wake Turbulence Separation
- •Visual Separation in the Vicinity of Aerodromes
- •Stacking
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •17 Control of Aircraft
- •Procedural ATC
- •Radar Control
- •Radar Identification
- •Radar Service
- •Aerodrome Control
- •Approach Control Service
- •Air Traffic Advisory Service
- •Aircraft Emergencies
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •18 Aeronautical Information Service (AIS)
- •Introduction
- •General
- •The Integrated Aeronautical Information Package
- •The Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP)
- •Notices to Airmen (NOTAM)
- •SNOWTAM
- •ASHTAM
- •Aeronautical Information Circulars (AICs)
- •Pre-flight and Post-flight Information
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •Introduction
- •Aerodrome Reference Code
- •Glossary of Terms
- •Aerodrome Data
- •Runways
- •Taxiways
- •Aprons
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •Requirements
- •Visual Aids for Navigation
- •Runway Markings
- •Taxiway Markings
- •Signs
- •Markers
- •Visual Docking Guidance Systems
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •21 Aerodrome Lighting
- •Aerodrome Lights
- •Approach Lighting Systems
- •Runway Lighting
- •Taxiway Lighting
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •22 Obstacle Marking and Aerodrome Services
- •Introduction
- •Visual Aids for Denoting Obstacles
- •Visual Aids for Denoting Restricted Use Areas
- •Emergency and Other Services
- •Other Aerodrome Services
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •23 Facilitation
- •Entry and Departure of Aircraft
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •24 Search and Rescue
- •Definitions and Abbreviations
- •Establishment and Provision of SAR Service
- •Co-operation between States
- •Operating Procedures
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •25 Security
- •Introduction
- •Objectives
- •Organization
- •Preventative Security Measures
- •Management of Response to Acts of Unlawful Interference
- •Further Security Information
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •26 Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation
- •Introduction
- •Objective of Investigation
- •Investigations
- •Serious Incidents
- •EU Considerations
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •27 Revision Questions
- •Revision Questions
- •Answers
- •EASA Specimen Examination
- •Answers to Specimen EASA Examination
- •28 Addendum – EASA Part-FCL & Part-MED
- •Chapter Five. Flight Crew Licensing
- •European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA)
- •Licences
- •Ratings
- •Certificates
- •EASA Part-MED
- •29 Index
18 Answers
Answers
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
a |
b |
a |
a |
a |
d |
b |
c |
b |
d |
c |
a |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
a |
c |
d |
c |
c |
b |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Answers 18
366
Chapter
19
Aerodromes - Physical Characteristics
Introduction |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
369 |
Aerodrome Reference Code . . |
. . . . . |
. . |
. . |
. . |
. . |
. . |
. . |
. . |
. |
. . |
|
. 370 |
Glossary of Terms . . . . . . |
. . . . . |
. . |
. . |
. . |
. . |
. . |
. . |
. . |
. |
. . |
|
. 372 |
Aerodrome Data . . . . . . |
. . . . . |
. . |
. . |
. . |
. . |
. . |
. . |
. . |
. . . . 374 |
|||
Runways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
. . . |
. . . |
. . . |
. . . |
. . . |
. . . |
. . . |
. . . . . . 376 |
||||
Taxiways . . . . . . . . . . |
. . . . |
. . |
. . |
. . |
. . |
. . |
. . |
. . |
. . |
. |
. |
380 |
Aprons |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
385 |
Questions . . . . . . . . . |
. . . . . |
. . |
. . |
. . |
. . |
. . |
. . |
. . |
. |
. |
. |
386 |
Answers . . . . . . . . . . |
. . . . |
. . |
. . |
. . |
. . |
. . |
. . |
. . |
. . |
. |
. |
390 |
367
19 Aerodromes - Physical Characteristics
Characteristics Physical - Aerodromes 19
Area includes the apron, the manoeuvring area and |
= inside the security area, including buildings. |
Figure 19.1 |
Note: the Movement |
the technical area. The aeronautical part |
|
368
Aerodromes - Physical Characteristics 19
Introduction
19.1Aerodromes. The place on the surface of the Earth where aeroplanes (aircraft) take off and land is known as an aerodrome. Aerodromes may be nothing more than a field used for light private flying, a defined strip of open water (a water aerodrome) or the complex and fascinating areas of real estate we associate with places like Heathrow, Gatwick. Chicago O’Hare, JFK etc... The one thing they all have in common is that they are all provided especially for the use of aeroplanes. In this chapter of the notes discussion will be limited to the physical construction of land aerodromes with emphasis on the aerodromes used for international commercial aviation. There is widely differing terminology used with reference to aerodromes, mostly colloquial and usually incorrect in interpretation. For instance, an airfield is exactly that: a field (usually unprepared) which is occasionally used as a landing ground for aeroplanes. An airport is a portal (entry) into a state for people and cargo which arrives by air, just as a sea port is the same for arrival by ship. The accepted and legally correct term is an aerodrome.
19.2Annex 14. The annex to the Conference on International Civil Aviation that is concerned with aerodromes is Annex 14. In common with other annexes, it contains standards and recommended practices (SARPs) and states can notify differences to Annex 14 under article 38 of the convention. In accordance with article 15 of the convention, Annex 14 is only concerned with aerodromes that are open to the public. Each contracting state is required to ensure that such aerodromes comply with the requirements of the annex. In the United Kingdom, the authority responsible for ensuring compliance is the CAA. In the UK there are 4 types of aerodrome:
•Public use licensed aerodrome (open for general use on an equal basis)
•Ordinary (private) licensed aerodrome (use by licence holder and others with licence holder’s permission only)
•Unlicensed aerodrome (limited use only)
•Government owned (Military, DERA etc.)
19.3 Use by Commercial Air Transport. The learning objectives of the course are directed |
|
|
towards the use of aerodromes by commercial air transport (CAT). The differentiation between |
|
|
19 |
||
public and private (ordinary) is immaterial. If an aerodrome is to be used for CAT, the services, |
||
|
||
facilities, markings, lighting and aircraft handling capability must comply with the requirements |
Characteristics |
|
instrument approaches have not been certified as safe for use for CAT. It is therefore implicit |
||
of the state for the issue of a licence. The use of an unlicensed aerodrome is not precluded |
|
|
for CAT, but the absence of a licence means that any instrument procedures associated with |
|
|
that the use of an unlicensed aerodrome for CAT is restricted to visual operations only. |
- Physical |
|
19.4 International Airports. Each state has the right to impose immigration, health and |
||
Aerodromes |
||
as an International Aerodrome. The place name of the aerodrome is usually suffixed with |
||
customs and excise controls on persons and cargo entering that state. An aerodrome at |
|
|
which such procedures and facilities for those controls are established and operated is known |
|
|
the word ‘international’ to denote the fact. For instance ‘Los Angeles International’. In the |
|
|
UK such aerodromes are defined as ‘customs aerodromes’ although the term ‘international’ |
|
|
is becoming common place e.g. Birmingham International. As the student will recall, the |
|
|
Montreal Convention is only concerned with acts of unlawful interference committed at an |
|
|
‘international’ aerodrome. |
|
369