- •Предисловие
- •Методические указания
- •Introduction to the course.
- •Unit 9. Organizing a meeting
- •Part 1. Types of meeting
- •Part 2. The language of meetings
- •Part 3. Agendas
- •Apologies and minutes
- •Part 4. Agenda -- meeting -- the minutes
- •Part 5. A memorandum (memo)
- •Unit 10. Part 1. Making meetings effective.
- •Vocabulary.
- •Improving your skills
- •Vocabulary.
- •Reported questions.
- •Part 2. Setting objectives for meetings. Opening the meeting.
- •It’s interesting to know
- •Unit 11. The function of chairperson Part 1. The role of the chairperson.
- •I don’t know how to chair a meeting!
- •Part 2. Difficult situations at the meeting.
- •It’s interesting to know.
- •Part3. Discussion techniques.
- •Practice file.
- •Skills checklist
- •Unit 12. Know what you want. Part 1. Types of negotiation.
- •The structure of a negotiation.
- •Part 2. Negotiation strategies.
- •Part 3. Preparing for a negotiation: negotiating scenario and negotiating styles.
- •Part 4. Making an opening statement.
- •Unit 13. Getting what you want. Part1. Key principles of negotiating.
- •Vocabulary.
- •Part2. Probing, proposals and counter-proposals, trade-offs.
- •Part 3. Bidding, bargaining an d making concessions.
- •Stop and check.
- •It’s interesting to know.
- •Part 5. Types of negotiator
- •What type of negotiator are you?
- •Unit 14. Not getting what you don’t want. Part 1. Dealing with difficulties - confrontation.
- •Part 2. Confrontational negotiating tactics.
- •Part 3. Negotiating with powerful people.
- •It’s interesting to know.
- •Part 4. Negotiation and diplomacy.
- •Part 5. Reaching agreement. Ending the negotiation.
- •Baseball strike in baseland.
- •Practice file.
- •File card a/1
- •File card b/1
- •File card a/2
- •File card b/2.
- •Language checklist
- •Skills checklist.
- •Culture page.
Unit 13. Getting what you want. Part1. Key principles of negotiating.
A key principle in negotiating is to give a little and get a little at the same time.
Vocabulary.
Win – win
In a successful negotiation, everyone should leave the negotiating table happy with the outcome: there shouldn’t be winners and losers. The negotiation should try to reach a win-win solution: an agreement of equal benefit to both sides. This can be achieved in a number of ways.
Part2. Probing, proposals and counter-proposals, trade-offs.
Probing
One way of furthering negotiations is probing (asking the right questions and listening carefully to the answers).
Here are some probing questions:
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What is the situation on production at your plant at the moment?
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What sort of quantities are you looking for?
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What are we looking at in the way of discount?
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What did you have in mind regarding specifications?
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What were you thinking of in terms of delivery dates?
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How important to you is the currency for payment?
Proposal and counter-proposal.
Through a series of proposals or offers from one side and counter-offers from the other side, the two sides work towards an agreement which will benefit them both.
Here are some ways of making offer |
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If you offer more flexible payment conditions, |
will be able to+inf. |
As long as engine performance improves by ten per cent, |
can agree to +inf. |
On condition that you deliver 20 engines by May. |
could consider +-ing |
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then we |
Supposing that you provide good technical support, |
may offer +noun |
Provided that you supply documentation in French |
might offer to +inf. |
Providing that this contract works out OK, |
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Unit 13
Trade – offs
When you offer to change your position to one that is less favourable to yourself, you make a concession. Perhaps this is in exchange for a concession from the other side, although there is no guarantee of this. Your concession may be a goodwill gesture: a concession that you make hoping that the other side will see this as friendly and make a concession in return.
Even in a friendly negotiation, there may be horse-trading, with each side making a series of concessions in return for concessions from the other side. (This expression is often used to show disapproval). If you argue about something for a long time, especially about the price of something, you haggle.
A series of concessions in exchange for concessions from the other side is a series of trade-offs. If you make a concession, you may not get anything back. If you make a trade-off, you give something away and get something in return.
DISCUSSION.
Exercise 1. Read the text above again and answer the questions.
1. What situation can you observe in a win-win negotiation?
2. What do you mean by «probing»?
3. What question from B do you suggest for the following reply: «We’d prefer US dollars»?
4. What question from B do you suggest for the reply: «We’ll need the first 30 units in six months»?
5. What is the best translation for the following conjunctions:
If |
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providing that |
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on condition that |
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as long as |
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supposing that |
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provided that |
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6. When do we usually make a concession?
7. What is meant by «horse-trading»?
8. What two expressions do we use to describe long negotiations with a series of concessions?
9. What’s the difference between «to haggle» and «to make a concession»?