V. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word.

1. Every citizen has the right to an equal __________ before the law.

1) case

2) investigation

3) study

4) treatment

5) discussion

2. People with low incomes receive help from various legal aid schemes to __________ the costs of the lawyer.

1) meet

2) pay

3) give

4) help

5) count

3. Strict rules exist to protect suspects against any ________ by the authorities.

1) offences

2) attacs

3) wrongs

4) blunders

5) abuses

4. An arrested person has the right to consult a _______ in England and Wales.

1) prosecutor

2) judge

3) solicitor

4) detective

5) policeman

5. An accused person is regarded as ________ until proved guilty.

1) suspected

2) accused

3) convict

4) innocent

5) charged

6. A conviction can be ______on appeal if the evidence is improperly presented in court.

1) quashed

2) cancelled

3) annull

4) abated

5) avoided

7. Typical _____ disputes are those between tenants and landlords or those between employees and employers.

1) criminal

2) civil

3) labour

4) administrative

5) judicial

8. Nobody is above the law; public authorities can be successfully _____ in the civil courts.

1) sued

2) accused

3) convicted

4) suspected

5) detained

9. In England and Wales an arrested person cannot be _______ in police custody beyond 36 hours without a warrant being obtained from a lay justice.

1) held

2) detained

3) kept

4) arrested

5) delayed

10. The police must _______ a suspect before any questions are put for the purpose of obtaining evidence.

1) warn

2) tell

3) foresee

4) caution

5) explain

11. Police are strictly forbidden to use _______ to obtain answers from suspects.

1) violence

2) force

3) strength

4) anger

5) energy

12. Most people are released on bail after being __________ with an offence.

1) blamed

2) judged

3) sentenced

4) defeated

5) charged

13. The prosecution and the defence may ______ individual jurors on grounds of possible bias.

1) put off

2) refuse

3) challenge

4) reject

5) let down

14. An accused person is regarded as innocent until proved _______.

1) blameworthy

2) guilty

3) offence

4) convict

5) non-guilty

15. Anyone convicted by a court has the right of _______ to higher courts against conviction or sentence.

1) appeal

2) allowance

3) demand

4) redress

5) request

16. An accused person is regarded as ______ until proved guilty.

1) accused

2) free

3) innocent

4) suspect

5) convicted

17. Anyone ______ with an offence has the right to legal representation in court.

1) suspected

2) sentenced

3) imprisoned

4) authorozed

5) charged

18. The defence has the right to the last speech at a ____ trial before the judge sums up.

1) judicial

2) law

3) legal

4) jury

5) court

19. In the UK typical civil disputes are those between tenants and landlords or those between employees and ________.

1) owners

2) workers

3) employers

4) bankers

5) producers

20. England and Wales are known to have _____ many laws and legal principles that originated eight centuries ago.

1) kept

2) retained

3) saved

4) produced

5) adopted

21. A court must be satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that a defendant has committed the crime before reaching a ‘_______’ verdict.

1) innocent

2) non-guilty

3) wrong

4) guilty

5) suspect

22. Most people are released on ______ after being charged with an offence.

1) bail

2) swear

3) oath

4) word

5) promise

23. People charged with serious crimes such as murder, manslaughter, rape and robbery are ______ in front of a jury.

1) judged

2) tried

3) convicted

4) charged

5) punished

24. A lawyer has the right to _________ prosecution witnesses.

1) cross-examine

2) examine

3) ask

4) demand

5) inquire

25. Judges do not merely _______ the law; in some cases they make laws.

1) use

2) have

3) apply

4) change

5) adopt

26. The doctrine of _____ is still a central feature of modern common law systems.

1) precedence

2) presidency

3) precaution

4) precedent

5) law

27. The spread of _____ law in the world is due both to the widespread influence of Britain in the world and the growth of the USA.

1) common

2) general

3) legal

4) civil

5) criminal

28. ________ systems are sometimes known as codified legal systems.

1) judicial

2) law

3) doctrine

4) continental

5) contestant

29. In order to separate the roles of the ______ and judiciary, it is necessary to make laws that were clear and comprehensive.

1) legislature

2) legitimacy

3) legislation

4) legislator

5) legality

30. The courts are able to ________ the constitutional legality of a law made by parliament.

1) change

2) challenge

3) reject

4) refuse

5) deny

31. The clear distinction between _______ and judiciary has weakened in many countries, where courts are able to challenge the constitutional legality of a law made by parliament.

1) legislature

2) legitimacy

3) power

4) legislator

5) government

32. In many countries legislators wanted to break with previous case law, which had often produced ______ and biased judgment.

1) wrong

2) unbiased

3) incorruptible

4) dishonest

5) corrupt

33. A shoplifter is a person who ______ from shops.

1) robs

2) steals

3) breaks

4) attacks

5) buys

34. A ________ is a person who brings goods into a country illegally without paying tax.

1) mugger

2) robber

3) smuggler

4) pickpocket

5) burglar

35. The principle of separation of power was adopted in order to _____ the control of a state over its citizens.

1) strengthen

2) weaken

3) emphasise

4) minimise

5) increase

36. President of the United States is _______ for a term of four years.

1) appointed

2) elected

3) chosen

4) applied

5) proposed

37. It takes much longer to have a case heard in the Crown Court, but ______ prefer it because the case is decided by the jury, ordinary members of the public.

1) defendances

2) defences

3) defendants

4) prisoners

5) offenders

38. The ______ on a jury is compulsory and cannot be avoided without a good reason, such as illness.

1) work

2) service

3) job

4) practice

5) fulfillment

39. Such serious crime, like ______, cannot be heard by the magistrates and must go to the Crown Court.

1) murderer

2) killer

3) murder

4) robbery

5) forgery

40. The process of taking an action from a low court to a higher court may be __________ and very costly.

1) time-consuming

2) timely

3) time-worn

4) timeless

5) time-saving

41. A terrorist is a person who uses _______ for political reasons.

1) violence

2) force

3) strength

4) effort

5) action

42. A _____ dealer buys and sells drugs illegally.

1) medicine

2) tablet

3) pill

4) drug

5) cocaine

43. Juries _____ only in criminal courts.

1) present

2) serve

3) speak

4) talk

5) work

44. The U.S. Supreme Court is the highest appellate court _______.

1) rank

2) instance

3) interval

4) chain

5) level

45. Most schools in many countries no longer have _______ punishment.

1) physical

2) capital

3) bodily

4) corporal

5) severe

46. Amnesty International works to release people imprisoned for their beliefs, to ______ the use of torture, and to abolish the death penalty.

1) reject

2) refuse

3) object

4) ban

5) abandon

47. Torture is defined in the 1949 Geneva Convention as the deliberate, systematic ______ of physical and mental suffering.

1) damage

2) infliction

3) pain

4) injury

5) wound

48. Sometimes ________ is used to extract information from prisoners, and sometimes for no other reason than to hurt and frighten them.

1) torture

2) force

3) action

4) suffering

5) deed

49. The police had enough _________ of John’s accomplice.

1) testimony

2) information

3) explanation

4) proof

5) fact

50. _______ punishment would be abolished in all countries if it hadn’t been serious crimes like murder and rape.

1) corporal

2) brutal

3) commuted

4) capital

5) cruel

51. Amnesty International works to _____ people imprisoned for their beliefs, to ban the use of torture, and to abolish the death penalty.

1) abandon

2) free

3) release

4) let go

5) make go

52. Death penalty is available in most states today for the most ____ crimes such as murder.

1) computer

2) attempted

3) serious

4) common

5)compulsive

53. A burglar is a person who _______ into the house to steal.

1) rushes

2) breaks

3) enters

4) comes

5) goes

54. A hijacker is a person who ______ control of a plane by force and makes pilot change course.

1) loses

2) spins

3) takes

4) does

5) makes

55. The verdict of a jury should be unanimous, though sometimes a _____ verdict is acceptable.

1) majority

2) minority

3) positive

4) negative

5) formal

56. The defendant was accused of ______ a crime by the jury.

1) performing

2) committing

3) acting

4) doing

5) making

57. Prisoners of ______ are people who had never used or advocated violence and were simply in prison because of their political or religious beliefs.

1) conscience

2) military

3) war

4) secure

5) honour

58. Amnesty International works to release people imprisoned for their beliefs, to ban the use of torture, and to ______ the death penalty.

1) forbid

2) prohibit

3) abolish

4) suppress

5) bar

59. The accused was released on _____ after being charged with an offence.

1) word

2) promise

3) persuasion

4) bail

5) argument

60. The witnesses saw how the accident happened and gave truthful _______ to the judge.

1) information

2) evidence

3) fact

4) story

5) description

61. In a Crown Court trial there are twelve ______.

1) judges

2) prosecutors

3) jurors

4) barristers

5) lawyers

62. When the police _____ somebody on suspicion of having committed a crime, they have to follow certain procedure.

1) arrest

2) pursue

3) hold

4) prosecute

5) chase

63. Unless the police obtain special permission, they are not allowed to ______ a person for more than twenty-four hours.

1) keep

2) hold

3) save

4) detain

5) preserve

64. In cases where a panel of magistrates (usually three) has decided somebody is guilty of a crime, they can also ______ a punishment.

1) impose

2) accuse

3) effect

4) set

5) put

65. Magistrates are just ordinary people of good reputation who have been ____ to the job by a local committee.

1) fixed

2) made

3) put

4) given

5) appointed

66. The members of the jury are not paid but they are given ____ while they are on jury service, which is usually for about two weeks.

1) money

2) payment

3) bonuses

4) expenses

5) costs

67. Unless the police ____ special permission, they are not allowed to detain a person for more than twenty-for hours.

1) achieve

2) obtain

3) reach

4) take

5) have

68. Magistrates, who are also known as Justices of the Peace, are not trained _______.

1) lawyers

2) practitioners

3) workers

4) specialists

5) executors

69. It is the judge’s job to ______ a punishment on those found guilty of crimes.

1) force

2) impose

3) cause

4) fulfill

5) make

70. If it is someone’s first offence, and the crime is a small one, even a guilty person is often unconditionally ________.

1) left

2) freed

3) discharged

4) charged

5) imprisoned

71. In Britain magistrates do not get salaries or a fee for their work, though they get paid _______.

1) money

2) bonus

3) payment

4) costs

5) expenses

72. Juries consist of ______ people selected at random from the list of voters.

1) twelve

2) fourteen

3) twenty

4) twenty-one

5) twenty-nine

73. A convicted person may appeal to the Court of Criminal Appeal in London either to have the conviction _______ or to have the sentence reduced.

1) turned

2) returned

3) quashed

4) changed

5) confirmed

74. The duty of the judge during the trial is to act as the referee while the prosecution and defence put their cases and question witnesses, and to decide what ______ is admissible and what is not.

1) offence

2) evidence

3) sign

4) fact

5) proof

75. A conditional ________ means that the guilty person is set free but if he or she commits another crime within a stated time, the first crime will be taken into account.

1) freedom

2) leave

3) charge

4) discharge

5) change

76. In order a _____ to be reached, there must be agreement among at least ten jurors.

1) verdict

2) decision

3) opinion

4) thought

5) idea

77. A convicted person may appeal to the Court of Criminal Appeal in London either to have the conviction quashed or to have the sentence ________.

1) cut

2) destroyed

3) reduced

4) changed

5) charged

78. A guilty person may be set free and put on _______, which means that regular meetings with a social worker must take place.

1) improvement

2) period

3) regulation

4) probation

5) anticipation

79. A very common form of punishment for minor offences is a _____, which means that the guilty person has to pay a sum of money.

1) fine

2) money

3) custody

4) payment

5) cost

80. The American Constitution is based on the doctrine of the ______ of powers between the executive, legislative and judiciary.

1) separation

2) distinction

3) division

4) measure

5) gradation

81. In order for a verdict to be reached, there must be ______ among at least ten jurors.

1) consensus

2) understanding

3) opinion

4) agreement

5) decision

82. The duty of the judge during the trial is to act as the referee while the _____ and defence put their cases and question witnesses, and to decide what evidence is admissible and what is not.

1) prosecution

2) charge

3) accusation

4) conviction

5) charging

83. A very common form of punishment for _____ offences is a fine, which means that the guilty person has to pay a sum of money.

1) serious

2) small

3) minor

4) major

5) dangerous

84. Wherever possible, magistrates and judges try not to ________ people.

1) imprison

2) release

3) free

4) discharge

5) forgive

85. The only function of ______ is to present cases in court.

1) judges

2) solicitors

3) barristers

4) clerks

5) attorneys

86. People who are sent to prison often get ______- of their sentence for good behaviour.

1) reduction

2) forgiveness

3) decrease

4) increase

5) remission

87. There is no death penalty in Britain, except for _______.

1) treason

2) terrorism

3) spying

4) murder

5) hijacking

88. There are two distinct kinds of lawyers in Britain: a ______ and a barrister.

1) attorney

2) solicitor

3) judge

4) clerk

5) secretary

89. In order to make the arrest legal the police must caution an arrested person: ‘You do not have to say anything unless you wish to do so, but what you say may be given in _______.’

1) proof

2) sign

3) evidence

4) fact

5) offence

90. One way to ______ the level of crime is to interview people and ask them whether they have been the victims of crime.

1) estimate

2) judge

3) calculate

4) consider

5) regard

91. There is no death ______ in Britain, except for treason.

1) penalty

2) punishment

3) nuisance

4) torture

5) visitation

92. There are two distinct kinds of lawyers in Britain: a solicitor and a _______.

1) attorney

2) judge

3) clerk

4) secretary

5) barrister

93. _____ is a sum of money guaranteed by somebody on behalf of a person who has been charged with a crime so that he/she can go free until the time of the trial.

1) bail

2) money

3) payment

4) bribe

5) gift

94. It is generally accepted that in the last quarter of the twentieth century, the number of crimes has gone up because of a lack of confidence in the ability of the police to _____ criminals.

1) find

2) catch

3) capture

4) take

5) hold

95. The system of _____ in England and Wales, in both civil and criminal cases, is and adversarial system.

1) justice

2) judgment

3) treatment

4) fairness

5) refereeing

96. For murderers, there is an obligatory life ______ in Britain.

1) judgment

2) decision

3) condemnation

4) sentence

5) punishment

97. If the trail is to be heard, the solicitor normally hires the services of the other kind of a lawyer – a _______-.

1) barrister

2) judge

3) prosecutor

4) juror

5) attorney

98. One way to ______ the level of crime is to interview people and ask them whether they have been the victims of crime.

1) calculate

2) estimate

3) judge

4) consider

5) regard

99. The duty of the judge during the trial is to act as the referee while the prosecution and ______ put their cases and question witnesses.

1) guard

2) protection

3) security

4) defence

5) counterattack

100. The magistrate may decide that it is not necessary to hold the suspect in ______.

1) custody

2) control

3) arrest

4) order

5) view

101. Courts contribute to social stability by … disputes in the civilized fashion (…).

1) repairing 2) mending 3) solving 4) patching up 5) discussing

102. A crime is a wrong which … against society (…).

1) is tried 2) is brought 3) is committed 4) is put 5) is resolved

103. A court may sentence an offender to execution, … punishment or loss of liberty (…).

1) bodily 2) physical 3) corporal 4) fitting 5) live

104. The evidence is not sufficient to bring a … against him. (…).

1) information 2) defence 3) persecution 4) prosecution 5) proof

105. He refused to give … at the trial (…).

1) testimony 2) proof 3) support 4) beliefs' 5) demonstration

106. An independent committee will look into alleged human rights … (…).

1) decisions 2) abuses 3) methods 4) judgments 5) conclusions

107. She gave a somewhat … account of the proceedings (…).

1) discriminatory 2) biased 3) toleranted 4) conflict 5) confusing

108. They are … the law by employing such young children (…).

1) amending 2) enforcing 3) breaking 4) observing 5) keeping

109. When the judge had finished his summing up, he asked the jury to consider their … (…).

1) sentence 2) verdict 3) punishment 4) speech 5) record

110. It is the duty of every state to … its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible for the international crimes (…).

1) fulfill 2) execute 3) exercise 4) make 5) comply

111. Weapons are bought not only by criminals but by … citizens to protect themselves (…).

1) law-creating 2) law-defying 3) law-abiding 4) law-governed 5) law-drafting

112. The man they arrested last night has been … with murder (…).

1) accused 2) fined 3) charged 4) blamed 5) impeached

113. In some cases tribunals fail to … the law properly (…).

1) create 2) apply 3) exploit 4) resort 5) amend

114. Under the UK judiciary system, everyone is innocent until proved … (…).

1) guiltless 2) not guilty 3) guilty 4) blameless 5) in the clear

115. He sued the newspaper for … (…).

1) perjury 2) abuse 3) libel 4) embezzlement 5) extortion

116. We saw … break into the house (…).

1) smuggler 2) thief 3) burglar 4) mugger 5) robber

117. The police suspect that he had a/an … (…).

1) conspirator 2) accomplice 3) plotter 4) right-holder 5) employer

118. The jury … him of the charge of murder (…).

1) acquitted 2) prevented 3) prosecuted 4) disrupted 5) detected

119. The police asked him to make a/an … (…).

1) account 2) statement 3) convention 4) remark 5) comment

120. The magistrate issued a/an … for his arrest (…).

1) authorization 2) permit 3) warrant 4) guarantee 5) licence

121. The police have appealed for … to the accident (…).

1) spectators 2) witnesses 3) onlookers 4) guard 5) aiders

122. He may be prosecuted for … secrets about the security agency (…).

1) discovering 2) revealing 3) opening 4) finding out 5) expressing

123. The important constitutional principle that the king or Queen must … any legislation passed by Parliament is simply an unwritten tradition that has gradually developed over the last three hundred years (…).

1) certify 2) validate 3) approve 4) uphold 5) sustain

124. There is a/an … in Britain about whether citizens rights would be better guaranteed by a written constitution or at least a bill of rights (…).

1) talks 2) debate 3) conference 4) negotiations 5) arguments

125. Some people argue that the … of an unwritten constitution is a good thing (…).

1) convert 2) flexibility 3) alteration 4) adaptation 5) versatility

126. British Home Secretary … the television licences of people who had bought them early to avoid a price increase (…).

1) lifted 2) cancelled 3) validated 4) repeal 5) banned

127. Thirty police officers were brought to … (…).

1) procedure 2) trial 3) hearing 4) appeal 5) litigation

128. The police can … a private house without first obtaining a court warrant (…).

1) pursue 2) search 3) quest 4) hunt 5) look for

129. They threatened to shoot him and … him of all his possessions (…).

1) plundered 2) robbed 3) mugged 4) stole 5) held up

130. The doctrine of … is still a central feature of modern common law system (…).

1) model 2) prototype 3) precedent 4) blueprint 5) template

131. Many case law systems have … of law that have been comprehensively codified (…).

1) subjects 2) areas 3) domains 4) sectors 5) specialties

132. Thousands of people came to pray at the shrine of the former archbishop of Canterbury who was … in the Cathedral in 1170 (…).

1) exercised 2) eliminated 3) murdered 4) slain 5) assassinated

133. The courts of common law and of … existed alongside each other for centuries (…).

1) equality 2) equity 3) fair play 4) fairness 5) justice

134. One of the reasons for having special constitutional laws is to … governments from becoming too powerful (…).

1) avert 2) prevent 3) avoid 4) restrain 5) admonish

135. Nowadays a lawyer can … common law and equitable claims in the same court (…).

1) carry 2) pursue 3) support 4) conduct 5) contract

136. Differences in the way people are treated can be … as evidence of discrimination (…).

1) clarified 2) expounded 3) interpreted 4) concepted 5) repealed

137. The fifth amendment of the American Constitution, which … a witness from answering in court if he states his answer, might reveal his own criminal guilt (…).

1) acquits 2) exempts 3) discharges 4) releases 5) executes

138. Charlie’s been … from driving for a year (…).

1) released 2) banned 3) excluded 4) suppressed 5) interdicted

139. The state police are … the incident (…).

1) trying 2) investigating 3) searching 4) rehearing 5) considering

140. He joined with others to start a … for prisoners of conscience (…).

1) battle 2) campaign 3) guard 4) drive 5) company

141. The group does not … the use of violence (…).

1) agree 2) advocate 3) assert 4) protect 5) sustain

142. They were in prison because of their political or religious … (…).

1) teaching 2) beliefs 3) censorship 4) intolerance 5) liberty

143. By gathering information, creating publicity and writing letters, Amnesty has helped to speed up the … of such prisoners all over the world (…).

1) exemption 2) release 3) excuse 4) discharge 5) removal

144. Not everyone agrees that merely being born as a human … entitles someone to certain freedoms and treatment (…).

1) freedom 2) nature 3) being 4) dignity 5) right

145. Many German artists … to America at the beginning of World War II (…).

1) broke out 2) escaped 3) fled 4) made off 5) took off

146. They used torture to … information about their families (…).

1) find 2) extract 3) get 4) receive 5) gain

147. Magistrates are just ordinary people of good reputation who have been … to the job by a local committee (…).

1) elected 2) appointed 3) dismissed 4) nominated 5) designated

148. Governments make laws and the police … them (…).

1) perform 2) provide 3) enforce 4) assure 5) achieve

149. One of the two accused men was … at yesterday’s trial and left the courtroom smiling broadly (…).

1) acquitted 2) convicted 3) charged 4) sentenced 5) adjudicated

150. Jack was arrested because he had entered the country … (…).

1) falsely 2) illegally 3) wrongly 4) incorrectly 5) lawfully

151. Sally didn’t realize that she had …. the law (…).

1) countered 2) broken 3) denied 4) declined 5) followed

152. The president admitted that there had been a breakdown of law and … (…).

1) crime 2) government 3) order 4) offence 5) resistance

153. Jim’s parents wouldn’t … him go to the demonstration (…).

1) agree 2) allow 3) let 4) permit 5) approve

154. Talking to other students is against the … of the examination (…).

1) law 2) orders 3) rules 4) advice 5) endorsement

155. I had to take the company to … to get the money they owed me (…).

1) court 2) justice 3) laws 4) orders 5) equity

156.The import of these products is … by law (…).

1) compulsory 2) prohibited 3) refused 4) admitted 5) authorized

157. Charles could not deny having been at the … of the crime (…).

1) location 2) square 3) scene 4) area 5) spot

158. The child was kidnapped by a notorious … of robbers (…).

1) crew 2) gang 3) staff 4) team 5) company

159. He is … of murder (…).

1) charged 2) released 3) accused 4) forgiven 5) prosecuted

160. She studied law and was called to the … (…).

1) notary’s office 2) Supreme Court 3) Bar 4) Customs 5) law-enforcing body

161. He was arrested and then released on … by magistrates (…).

1) compensation 2) bail 3) refund 4) rebate 5) award

162. The witness was visibly nervous before giving his … (…).

1) proof 2) testimony 3) facts 4) notes 5) observation

163. Under … he admitted being a drug user (…).

1) cross-action 2) cross-examination 3) cross-application 4) cross-complaint 5) cross- claim

164. The amount of … awarded to the plaintiff will be decided by the judge, not the jury (…).

1) damage 2) hurt 3) damages 4) injury 5) harm

165. A … can advise on how you should act in this situation (…).

1) defendant 2) judge 3) juror 4) solicitor 5) plaintiff

166. Common law has been … by many Commonwealth countries and the USA (…).

1) adapted 2) selected 3) adopted 4) chosen 5) taken

167. It is not necessary for a … to know anything about the law (…).

1) judge 2) juror 3) solicitor 4) barrister 5) advocate

168. All … against police officers are carefully investigated (…).

1) accusations 2) complaints 3) information 4) libel 5) slander

169. The police who were investigating the crime could find no … at all (…).

1) hints 2) clues 3) pointers 4) signs 5) suggestion

170. Nineteenth century Europe saw the … of several multi-ethnic empires (…).

1) rise 2) decline 3) increase 4) cut 5) origin

171. It is not the job of the police to … justice (…).

1) apply 2) use 3) administer 4) hide 5) carry on

172. The company accused him of … his contract (…).

1) signing 2) breaching 3) respecting 4) following 5) making

173. The witness must have given … evidence at a trail (…).

1) artificial 2) wrong 3) false 4) fake 5) so-called

174. Punishment may be … only on a person found guilty of committing a crime (…).

1) enforced 2) imposed 3) applied 4) put 5) fixed

175. She stole jewellery from the department store and was charged with … (…).

1) stealing 2) shoplifting 3) mugging 4) robbing 5) smuggling

176. He broke into the house and was charged with … (…).

1) forgery 2) bigamy 3) bribery 4) burglary 5) perjury

177. Many of the President’s decisions and all new legislation must be approved in the Congress, which is … by the people (…).

1) appointed 2) chosen 3) elected 4) selected 5) resolved

178. The President is … to appoint judges to the court (…).

1) granted 2) allowed 3) empowered 4) permitted 5) qualified

179. The driver admitted that the accident was his own … (…).

1) misbehaviour 2) fault 3) wrongdoing 4) misdemeanor 5) transgression

180. The … Secretary is responsible for the prevention of crime offences, trial and treatment of offenders and for the prison service (…).

1) Defence 2) Home 3) Housing 4) General 5) State

181. In a civil case, the party who take legal action against the defendant is called … (…).

1) solicitor 2) prosecutor 3) plaintiff 4) client 5) witness

182. The BBC received a stream of … about the programme (…).

1) injunctions 2) pleadings 3) complaints 4) goods 5) affidavits

183. He issued a … against a newspaper (…).

1) brief 2) motion 3) writ 4) notice 5) statement

184. The Norman Kings sent travelling … around the country and gradually a “common law” developed (…).

1) people 2) folks 3) judges 4) musicians 5) salesmen

185. A case is usually presented by the … (…).

1) barrister 2) prosecutor 3) defense attorney 4) solicitor 5) judge

186. They are hoping for a … in their favour from the European Court of Justice (…).

1) verdict 2) decision 3) judgment 4) view 5) opinion

187. In some countries such as France, the judges and jurors decide the … together (…).

1) case 2) charge 3) trial 4) lawsuit 5) claim

188. The court ruled that the child’s parents must share the … for the accident (…).

1) acquittal 2) blame 3) evil 4) cause 5) accusation

189. A man is being held in police … in connection with the murder (…).

1) detention 2) guardianship 3) custody 4) confinement 5) cell

190. The new law on drink – driving comes into … next month (…).

1) use 2) force 3) date 4) weight 5) condition

191. After considering the case, the judge put the young offender … (…).

1) in treatment 2) on probation 3) in charge 4) in control 5) at interview

192. The … wanted to show that the legal rights of their citizens originated in the state, not in local customs (…).

1) lawmen 2) lawmakers 3) lords 4) law professors 5) law-manager

193. They have imprisoned a/an … man (…).

1) pure 2) innocent 3) lovely 4) natural 5) insensitive

194. Having arrested someone suspected of committing a crime, the police decide if they have enough evidence to make a formal … (…).

1) impeachment 2) accusation 3) address 4) admission 5) notification

195. Some minor cases as parking violations, are dealt with only by the … (…).

1) jurors 2) attorneys 3) magistrates 4) solicitors 5) barristers

196. The rules of procedure and … determines the court that may deal with a claim or dispute, the form of the trial, and so on (…).

1) authority 2) jurisdiction 3) area 4) rule 5) power

197. Each court normally hears cases in … of three judges, but on occasion, a full court of nine judges will sit (…).

1) bench 2) panel 3) board 4) group 5) list

198. Most countries have a formal written Constitution describing how laws are to be made and … (…).

1) compelled 2) enforced 3) compulsion 4) provided 5) secured

199. Juror must be men and women possessed of sound …, absolute honest, and a complete sense of fairness (…).

1) argument 2) judgment 3) law 4) precedent 5) title

200. We are determined that the terrorist will not escape … (…).

1) penalty 2) punishment 3) retribution 4) award 5) reckoning