3. Functions:

1. subject	To know Russian poetry is helpful.
2. modifier	To know Russian poetry you can write interesting essays.
3. part of the predicate	You are to know Russian poetry. Your task is to know Russian poetry
4. attribute	The poem to be known is very long.
5. object	I want to know Russian poetry by heart.

4. Structures

4.1 Complex object.

Object + infinitive	After the verbs:
We know him to become a good poet.	expect, believe, think, understand, consider, suppose, assume, know
We want him to become a good poet.	allow, ask, expect, order, instruct, remind, permit, prepare, promise
We heard him become (nig) a good poet.	see, feel, hear, watch, listen, notice, smell
It is important for him to become a good poet.	Prepositions – of, for etc

4.2 Complex subject.

Subject + infinitive	After the verbs:
He is known to become a good poet.	consider, believe, expect, suppose, assume, report in passive form
He proved to become a good poet.	seem, appear, prove, happen, turn out
He is likely to become a good poet.	to be + (un)likely/ sure/ certain

Сложное дополнение и сложное подлежащее - английские обороты, которые на русский язык переводятся соответственно придаточным дополнительным (Мы знаем, что он...) и безличным (Известно/оказывается/по-видимому, (что) он...) предложениями.

После глаголов чувственного восприятия возможно употребле­ние герундия (инфинитив употребляется без частицы to; помимо этого to может опускаться после двух глаголов-исключений: help и dare — She helped (to) introduce the guests.) Сложное дополнение может также использоваться в пред­ложной конструкции: It is important for him to study poetry.

5. The Gerund

Forms of the –ing form
	Active Voice	Passive Voice
Present	reading	being read
Past/Perfect	having read	having been read

1. The Present Gerund (-Ing form) refers to the present or future.

Ann enjoys walking in the woods.

2. The Perfect Gerund (-ing form) shows that the action of the -ing form has happened before the action of the main verb. We can use the Present Gerund instead of the Perfect Gerund without a difference in meaning.

He denied having killed James. OR He denied killing James.

5.3 Subject of the Infinitive /-ing form

When the subject of the infinitive or of the -ing form is different from the subject of the verb, then an object pronoun (me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them) or a noun is placed before the infinitive or the -ing form.

I want him/John to help me. (He should help me.) but: I want to help. (I should help.)

The subject of the -ing form can also be a possessive adj.(my, your) or the poss. form of the noun. I remember his/him/Tim's/Tim talking about that island.