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- •Содержание
- •Введение
- •1 Orenburg State University (Pre-Intermediate)
- •1.1 Repeat the following words and phrases first after the teacher and then do it independently
- •1.2 Find Russian equivalents
- •1.3 Find pairs of synonyms
- •1.4 Guess the word judging by the definition
- •1.5 Read the following sentences. Choose one of the appropriate words
- •1.6 Read the following sentences. Fill in the gaps with appropriate words
- •1.7 Read the text and then choose one sentence which reflects the main idea of the text
- •1.8 Correlate the beginning of the following sentences on the left to the end of the sentences on the right. Read these sentences
- •1.13 Make up your own dialogues using the material of ex 1.12
- •1.14 Read the text and do the assignments that follow
- •1.21 Read the sentences. Change the Present Simple into the Past Simple
- •1.22 Read the sentences. Give the negative and interrogative forms of these sentences
- •1.23 Use the appropriate verb forms in the following sentences
- •1.24 Answer the following questions
- •2 Orenburg State University (Intermediate)
- •2.1 Meeting osu
- •2.2 Comprehensive Reading
- •2.3 Interchange: Studying abroad
- •2.4 Practice your writing skills
- •2.5 Translate into Russian in the written form
- •2.6 Listening
- •2.7 Discussion
- •2.8 Dialogues
- •2.9 Refresh Your Grammar
- •2.10 Supplementary
- •3 Student’s Day
- •3.1 Learning and using new vocabulary
- •Wednesday, Sunday, Saturday, Monday, Thursday, Friday, Tuesday
- •3.2 Text “My working day”
- •3.3 Comprehensive reading
- •3.4 Texts for translation in the written form
- •3.5 Listening
- •3.6 Speaking
- •After dinner sit a while, after supper walk a mile
- •3.7 Refreshing your grammar
- •3.7.1 Present Simple
- •In the year 3000
- •3.8 Some fun
- •Leisure
- •4 Orenburg Region
- •4.1 Read the new words according to the transcription; mind their pronunciation and meaning
- •4.2 Pay attention to the meaning of the words, belonging to the group of mineral resources. Mind their pronunciation
- •4.3 Read the text. Translate it
- •4.4 Answer the questions to the text
- •4.5 Arrange items for the plan according to the text
- •4.6 Speak about the Orenburg region according to the plan
- •4.7 Find the equivalents
- •4.8 Find the equipment
- •4.9 Pronounce the following words
- •4.10 Read the following international words
- •5 Russia
- •5.1 Unit 1. The Russian Federation
- •5.2 Unit 2. State System of Russian Federation
- •5.3 Unit 3. Moscow
- •5.4 Unit 4. Moscow is a cultural centre of Russia
- •5.5 Unit 5. From the History of Moscow
- •5.6 Unit 6. The Kremlin
- •5.7 Unit 7. St. Petersburg
- •5.8 Unit 8. Tretyakov gallery
- •5.9 Unit 9. Comprehension reading
- •6 Great Britain (Pre-Intermediate)
- •6.1 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- •7 Great Britain (Intermediate)
- •7.2 Post-Text Exercises
- •7.3 Supplementary Reading
- •8 United States of America
- •8.1 Unit 1. The United States of America (The usa)
- •8.2 Unit 2. The history of the usa
- •8.3 Unit 3. Christopher Columbus The discovery of America
- •Christopher Columbus The discovery of America
- •8.4 Unit 4. Political system of the usa
- •8.5 Unit 5. George Washington
- •8.6 Unit 6 Washington d. C.
- •8.7 Unit 7 New York
- •8.8 Unit 8 Holidays in the usa
- •8.9 Unit 9 Mark Twain
- •Список использованных источников
2.3 Interchange: Studying abroad
Every year, many students go abroad to study. These are some of the things they have to think about. Look at the questions below and then add three more to each list.
2.3.1 Getting ready
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What subjects are good ones to study abroad?
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Which countries are good places to study these subjects?
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How can you get more information about studying abroad?
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Where can you get information about scholarships?
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How do you enroll in a foreign school?
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What are the main things you have to do before you leave?
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What things will you need to take with you?
h) ……………………………………………………………
i) ……………………………………………………………
j) ……………………………………………………………
2.3.2 After you're there
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Where can you stay when you first arrive?
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What kinds of things will you have to buy?
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How can you get information about housing in the city?
d) Is it better to stay in a dormitory or with a family? Why?
e) Where could you get extra help in studying the language?
f) …………………………………………………………….
g) …………………………………………………………….
h) …………………………………………………………….
2.3.3 Group work
Now discuss the questions. One person is the group secretary and takes notes.
2.3.4 Class activity
Compare your answers.
2.4 Practice your writing skills
2.4.1 You are studying in Cambridge at present and two friends from your country are coming to visit you next month. During their visit they would especially like to spend a few days in Edinburgh and you are planning to go with them. A travel agency has given you the following information. Read it carefully. Then write a letter to your friends, giving them some information about the three different ways of travelling to Edinburgh. Suggest which you think is the best way and explain why.
Edinburgh
Cambridge London
Cambridge to Edinburgh - 540
km
CAR
Car hire; £40 a day plus petrol and insurance.
TRAIN
Cambridge dep. 07.00 07.56 09.00 |
Edinburgh arr. 12.15 13.38 14.12 |
Return fare: £90 (Friday and Saturday)
£75 (all other days)
30% off with a young person's rail card.
COACH
Cambridge dep. И.ОО 18.08 22.30
Return fare: £60 (Friday and Saturday)
£45 (all other days) 30% off with a young person's coach card.
Write a letter of between 120 and 180 words in an appropriate style on the opposite page. Do not write any addresses.
2.5 Translate into Russian in the written form
Types of university
There are no important official or legal distinctions between the various types of university in the country. But it is possible to discern a few broad categories.
2.5.1 Oxbridge
This name denotes the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, both founded in the medieval period. They are federations of semi-independent colleges, each college having its own staff; known as 'Fellows'. Most colleges have their own dining hall, library and chapel and contain enough accommodation for at least half of their students. The Fellows teach the college students, either one-to-one or in very small groups (known as 'tutorials' in Oxford and 'supervisions' in Cambridge). Oxbridge has the lowest student/staff ratio in Britain. Lectures and laboratory work are organized at university level. As well as the college libraries, there are the two university libraries, both of which are legally entitled to a free copy of every book published in Britain. Before 1970 all Oxbridge colleges were single-sex (mostly for men). Now, the majority admit both sexes.
2.5.2 The old Scottish universities
By 1600 Scotland boasted four universities. They were Glasgow, Edinburgh, Aberdeen and St Andrews. The last of these resembles Oxbridge in many ways, while the other three are more like civic universities in that most of the students live at home or find their own rooms in town. At all of them the pattern of study is closer to the continental tradition than to the English one - there is less specialization than at Oxbridge.
2.5.3 The early nineteenth-century English universities
Durham University was founded in 1832. Its collegiate living arrangements are similar to Oxbridge, but academic matters are organized at university level. The University of London started in 1836 with just two colleges. Many more have joined since, scattered widely around the city, so that each college (most are non-residential) is almost a separate university. The central organization is responsible for little more than exams and the awarding of degrees.
2.5.4 The older civic ('redbrick') universities
During the nineteenth century various institutes of higher education, usually with a technical bias, sprang up in the new industrial towns and cities such as Birmingham, Manchester and Leeds. Their buildings were of local material, often brick, in contrast to the stone of older universities (hence the name, 'redbrick'). They catered only for local people. At first, they prepared students for London University degrees, but later they were given the right to award their own degrees, and so became universities themselves. In the mid twentieth century they started to accept students from all over the country.
2.5.5 The campus universities
These are purpose-built institutions located in the countryside but close to towns. Examples are East Anglia, Lancaster, Sussex and Warwick. They have accommodation for most of their students on site and from their beginning, mostly in the early 1960s, attracted students from all over the country. (Many were known as centres of student protest in the late 1960s and early 1970s.) They tend to emphasize relatively 'new' academic disciplines such as social sciences and to make greater use than other universities of teaching in small groups, often known as 'seminars'.
2.5.6 The newer civic universities
These were originally technical colleges set up by local authorities the first sixty years of this century. Their upgrading to university status took place in two waves. The first wave occurred in the mid 1960s, when ten of them (e.g. Aston in Birmingham, Salford near Manchester and Strathclyde in Glasgow) were promoted in this way. Then, in the early 1970s, another thirty became 'polytechnics', which meant that as well as continuing with their former courses, they were allowed to teach degree courses (the degrees being awarded by a national body). In the early 1990s most of these (and also some other colleges) became universities. Their most notable feature is flexibility with regard to studying arrangements, including 'sandwich' courses (i.e. studies interrupted by periods of time outside education). They are now all financed by central government.