Вариант 4

I. Перепишите предложения, определите в каждом из них видо-временную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого (см. образец). Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. Huge concrete panels are being used in the construction of new projects.

2. Good harvests have been gathered in many districts this summer.

3. Science and engineering have made great progress during the last thirty years.

4. We were invited to the lecture on the International situation last week.

II. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, учитывая разные значения слов it, that, one:

1. This house was built much sooner than that one.

2. It is known that there are rich deposits of coal in that district.

3. As l’ve not read the book, I can’t tell you anything about it.

4. It was after he had returned from Leningrad that I told him the news.

III. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, имея в виду различные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do:

1. I have to go to the library to get some more books on this problem.

2. A new power station is being built in this town; it is to be ready by the next year.

3. My friend is a very good student. He does everything accurately and in time.

4. We have a large library at our Institute.

5. I had finished my work by five o’clock.

6. He doesn’t have enough time now, so he will do this work during his holidays.

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение:

1. I thought he had graduated from the Institute in 1970.

2. We decided we should go the Crimea next summer.

V. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива в предложении:

1. To raise the standards of people’s culture is an important problem.

2. He worked hard not to lag behind the other students.

VI. Прочтите и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 5-й, 7-й и 8-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите с 1-го по 5-й абзацы текста.

The Orbital Stations of the Future

1. Long-term¹ orbital research stations are very useful to scientists today for weather forecasting, agriculture, geology, sea and air transport, and for protecting the environment.

2. A modern long-term orbital station is a research laboratory in space, where the researches can be done that are quite unconceivable on Earth.

3. Take physics. Because there is no atmosphere in space, physicists can study cosmic rays, carry out experiments that may help discover new nuclear reactions and elementary particles.

4. Then, too, in weightlessness we could get purer materials. When molten metal cools off on the Earth, the density will always be slightly uneven because the surrounding temperature is uneven while gravity upsets the structural balance by distorting the crystallization leaving us with an imperfect end product.

5. In space these problems are avoided, there is no gravity and no atmosphere, so the quality of crystals is sharply improved. The crystals grown in weightlessness are extra pure substances which can be used for semiconductors, lasers, computer engineering and in medicine.

6. There will be space observatories too – the research is already under way. From orbit, one can watch the development of cyclones, hurricanes, typhoons, predict when they will strike and give an advance warning². The study of the Earth is a big part of the space programme. Colour and black-and-white photographs of the Earth help geologists.

7. Modern orbital stations are built quite big, some of them weighing up to 20 tons. It is only natural that scientists and experimenters want much bigger stations. And during the next decade the orbital stations will probably get bigger.

8. A multipurpose station is useful for all kinds of research – astrophysics, technology, medicine, biology etc. But a wide range of equipment we require for such research has obvious disadvantages for the instruments will never all be in use. So, the future emphasis will probably be on specialized stations.

Notes

¹long-term - долгосрочный; рассчитанный или предназначенный на длительный период

²to give warning - сделать предупреждение, предупредить

VII. Выпишите и переведите: из 7-го абзаца предложение, содержащее страдательный залог, а из 8-го – предложение, содержащее бессоюзное подчинение.

VIII. Прочтите 6-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.

What helps geologists in their work?

1. The study of cyclones, hurricanes, typhoons helps geologists in their work.

2. Colour and black-and-white photographs of the Earth help geologists in their work.

3. The study of space helps geologists in their work.