- •Assignments for the classes of the History of the English Language
- •Proto-Indo-European languages
- •Gth, oe and ohg vowel correspondences
- •Vowels in oe:
- •Vowel interchange:
- •Other consonant changes
- •(Все изменения касаются ударных корневых гласных)
- •Declension of Nouns in oe
- •Strong declension of adjectives in oe
- •Declension of demonstrative pronouns
- •Vowel System in me
- •Content of the examination in the History of English (4th year, I semester)
- •Practice
- •Content of the examination in the History of English (4th year, II semester)
- •The history of the English Language Name: ……………………………… Group …
Gth, oe and ohg vowel correspondences
|
Gth |
OE |
OHG |
|
a |
a, æ |
a |
|
ā |
æ:, ō |
ā |
|
ē |
æ:, ē |
ā |
|
ō |
|
|
|
ī |
|
ī |
|
ū |
|
ū |
|
i |
i |
i |
|
i, e |
e |
e |
|
u |
u |
u |
|
u, o |
o |
o |
|
ai |
|
|
|
ei |
ī |
ī |
|
eu |
ēo |
iu |
|
au |
|
|
|
iu |
ēo, īo |
io, iu |
Vowels in PG:
monophthongs:
diphthongs:
Vowels in oe:
monophthongs:
diphthongs:
Diphthongization in OE
|
OE breaking (before …….. + cons., final …) |
æ |
|
|
a |
|
|
|
e |
|
|
|
æ: |
|
|
|
Palatalization (after ……………..) |
æ (æ:) |
|
|
e (ē) |
|
|
|
a |
|
|
|
o |
|
|
|
Back (velar) mutation (before …………...+a, o, u) |
æ |
|
|
e |
|
|
|
i |
|
Mutation in OE
|
Front mutation (umlaut) (before ………….) Palatal mutation (before ………….) |
a, æ, o |
|
|
ā |
|
|
|
ō |
|
|
|
u, ū |
|
|
|
ea, eo |
|
|
|
ēa, ēo |
|
Note: 1) Doubling of ….
-
fj>bb,
-
Gth gj > OE c3
Contraction in OE: eh + a >
ah + a >
ōh +a >
Vowel interchange:
1) a – æ ( …………… - …………. )
2) a – o (before ……)
№ 9. Consonant changes in OE
Consonant shift I (Grimm’s law)
|
PIU |
PG |
|
p, t, k |
|
|
b, d, g |
|
|
bh (f), dh, gh |
|
|
st |
|
Verner’s law: … (rhotacism)
θ > …
x > … > γ’
f > …
Consonant shift II
|
Gth, OE |
OHG |
|
p |
|
|
t |
|
|
k |
|
|
B, d, g |
|
|
Þ [θ] |
|