Файловый архив студентов. Файловый архив студентов.
1261 вуз, 4624 предмет.
/ Регистрация
FAQ Обратная связь Вопросы и предложения
Добавил:
Upload Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Киевский национальный экономический университет им. В. Гетьмана
Предмет:
[НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]
Файл:
UNIT_FOUR_FACTORS_OF_PROD.doc
Скачиваний:
0
Добавлен:
15.11.2018
Размер:
198.14 Кб
Скачать
☆
►Содержание►

Resources (які використовуються підприємствами як запроваджені фактори виробництва) as inputs to produce goods and services (називаються) factors of production.

Economists make a distinction between four basic factors of production: (земля, праця, капітал та підприємництво).

(Земля) is the physical space on which production takes place, as well as the (природні ресурси) found under it or on it.

(Праця) is the time (люди) spend (виробляючи товари та послуги). (Праця як економічний термін) is considered (з точки зору кількості) – the number of workers (та якості) – the skills and abilities these workers (мають).

It is common, (в економіці), to understand (працю як фізичні та розумові зусилля) needed to (задовольнити людські потреби).

(Засоби виробництва) are final goods that are produced for use in the production of other goods. Capital includes the physical plants, (машинне обладнання та устаткування) used in (процесі виробництва).

(Підприємництво) is (поєднання виробничих ресурсів) to produce new or improved products. The (підприємці), motivated by (доходами), can (ризикувати) of business activities to produce goods combining the above resources.

(Інформація) is the fifth large (фактор виробництва), as (важливий) as (земля, праця та капітал). The wide-scale use of (інформації) and communication technology in industry not only leads to (збільшення у продуктивності) but also to the (створення нової продукції) and new markets.

Exercise 9. Pair the halves of the sentences. Write your own list of the completed sentences and translate them into Ukrainian.

1. The factors of production include

a. through investments in education, training, and health.

2. To the economist, physical capital is

b. entrepreneurs earn profits.

3. To some economists entrepreneurs are

c. they can be put into production process.

4. A factory, tools, machinery and trucks are capital goods because

d. there is enough for everyone to have as much as they want.

5. When the other three factors of production, land, labour and capital combined successfully,

e. something created by people to produce other goods and services.

6. The term “capital” is often used by busi-ness people to refer to money they can use

f. to buy means of production and other similar productive resources.

7. An economy uses its existing limitless resources

g. a special form of labour input.

8. The quality of labour resources can be improved

h. natural resources, human resources capital and entrepreneurship.

  1. Since free goods are so abundant in nature that

  1. to combine inputs to produce goods and services.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 10. What economic terms given in the text do the following definitions refer to?

A

B

  1. goods which are needed but are in abundant supply and therefore don’t need to be purchased.

  1. A factor of production that includes land itself as well as mineral deposits, timber, water, and other natural resources.

  1. Anything that is produced by the economic system which is used as an input in the production of future goods and services.

  1. The difference between the price received and the amounts paid as rewards to the factors of production.

  1. Return to those who supply the factor of production known as “land”.

  1. Productive resources needed to produce economic goods.

  1. A person who brings together the factors of production and runs a business at his own financial risk.

  1. The money earned by a person from work, property, or investment, regularly or over a specified time.

  1. Payment to those owners of resources who supply the factor of production known as “labour”.

  1. A factor of production that is defined as the function performed by those who bring together the other factors of production.

  1. facts or data, pertaining to a particular subject or regarded as significant.

  1. A factor of production that represents those hired workers whose human efforts and activities are directed toward production.

  1. a sum of money to be used in such a way that a profit or increase in capital may be expected.

  1. The money earned by a person as a reward for allowing somebody to use his money and for waiting for the repayment of the loan.

that is produ

Exercise 11. Translate the sentences into English using the active vocabulary.

1. Причина, через яку люди не можуть задовольнити усі свої бажання та потреби, – це нестача виробничих ресурсів.

_________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________

2. Фактори виробництва – це ресурси суспільства, які викорис-товуються в процесі виробництва.

_____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________

3. Фактори виробництва розподі-ляються на три основні групи – земля, праця, капітал, які об’єднуються четвертим фактором виробництва, що називається підприємництвом.

_________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________

4. Економічний термін “праця” означає людські ресурси або, іншими словами, це – люди з усіма їх зусиллями та здібностями.

_________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________

5. Кількість робочої сили залежить від загальної кількості населення країни та кількості людей, здатних працювати.

_____________________________________ _____________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________

6. Підприємництво – це готовність власників підприємств ризикувати для того, щоб отримати прибуток.

________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________

7. Різниця між фізичним капіталом і фінансовим капіталом полягає в тому, що фізичний капітал – це фактор виробництва, а саме, речі, які створені людиною, щоб виробляти інші товари та послуги, а фінансовий капітал – це гроші, які використовуються, щоб купувати засоби виробництва.

_____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Виробництво має місце і товари виробляються, коли підприємці об’єднують інші три фактори виробництва.

_____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________

9. На думку сучасних еконо-містів, інформація – це п’ятий фактор виробництва.

_________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________

  1. Інформація надає можливість підприємцям приймати кращі ділові рішення і успішно конкурувати на ринку.

_____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________

  1. Власники землі, праці та капіталу отримують свої доходи у формі ренти, заробітної плати та відсотку відповідно.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 12. Answer the following questions.

  1. Why is it important for a society to use economic resources efficiently?

  2. What resources are called the factors of production?

  3. What are the factors of production?

  4. What is “land” as a factor of production?

  5. What are natural resources?

  6. What is rent? Who receives it?

  7. Why are some goods classified as free ones?

  8. What is labour?

  9. What efforts do people put into the production of goods and services?

  10. What price is called wage?

  11. Why is labour not of the same quality?

  12. What is the third factor of production?

  13. What does capital refer to as a factor of production?

  14. What kinds of capital do you know?

  15. What is the difference between physical capital and financial capital?

  16. What is interest?

  17. How do economists and entrepreneurs consider financial capital?

  18. What is entrepreneurship?

  19. Who brings together the other three factors of production?

  20. Whom do we call an entrepreneur?

  21. What reward do entrepreneurs receive for their risks involved?

  22. Why is information considered to be the fifth factor of production?

  23. What kinds of payment are made for the use of the factors of production?

Questions for economic reasoning and discussion

Is there such thing as “human capital”? Are scientists, engineers, teachers, doctors, lawyers, and skilled workers, for example, part of society’s capital? What criteria would you use when deciding whether something is qualified as capital?_____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Choose the right variant. Only one is possible.

  1. Which of the following is not a productive resource?

  1. Land

  2. Labour

  3. Money

  4. Capital

  1. Which of the following provides the most complete description or list of resources from an economic point of view?

  1. Land, labour, capital, and entrepreneurship.

  2. Utility, economics, knowledge, and scarcity.

  3. Canned goods, refrigerators, television sets, and shoes.

  1. Factors of production are

  1. the inputs into the production process.

  2. weather, social, and political conditions that affect production.

  3. the physical relationships between economic inputs and outputs.

  4. all of the above.

  5. none of the above.

  1. All of the following categories are factors of production except:

  1. entrepreneurship.

  2. capital.

  3. land.

  4. money.

5. Which economic feature often results from the use of the other three features?

  1. Land

  2. Labour

  3. Profit

  4. Capital

6. Land, labour, capital and entrepreneurship are

  1. scarce.

  2. goods.

  3. resources.

  4. all of the above.

  1. What is the concept of a natural resource?

  1. The stock of skills, talents and experiences of all the people in a society.

  2. The stock or aggregate of physical and monetary resources in a society.

  3. The stock or totality of resources that are found in a natural state in the soil, oceans, rivers, lakes, forests, air that are not created by man.

  4. (a) and (c) only.

  1. Which of the following pairs represent human resources?

  1. Land and water

  2. Petroleum and jazz musicians

  3. Mathematicians and pilots

  4. Machinery and loans

9. When economists are discussing the factors of production and use the term labour, they are

  1. referring only to unskilled labour.

  2. referring to everything that is NOT in the land category.

  3. referring to both skilled and unskilled labour.

  1. Which of the following describes a capital input?

  1. A person's skills and abilities that can be deployed to produce valuable goods and services.

  2. Factories and offices where goods and services are produced.

  3. Old-growth forests and marine capture fisheries.

  4. Organizing production and accepting risk.

  5. Both (a) and (d) above.

  1. What is entrepreneurship?

  1. The particular talent that some people have for organizing the resources of land, labour, and capital to produce goods, seek new business opportunities, and develop new ways of doing things.

  2. The physical and mental talents people contribute to the production process.

  3. Produced goods that can be used as inputs for further production.

  4. Natural resources such as minerals, forests, water, and fisheries.

17

Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]
Помощь Обратная связь Вопросы и предложения Пользовательское соглашение Политика конфиденциальности