Iw # 8.3 New York

1. Read and translate the text in a written form.

New York is the leading financial and commercial centre of the United States of America and its principal port of entry. It is also the centre of fashion, theatre and culture.

New York City is situated in the state of New York in the Central Northeast of the USA. It lies on three islands (Manhattan, Staten and Long Island) at the junction of the Hudson and East Rivers with the Bay of New York, an arm of the Atlantic Ocean.

On January 1, 1988, Greater New York was formed by organizing the adjacent counties into five boroughs: Manhattan, the Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens and Richmond. Nowadays, the City of New York is the largest U.S. city and one of the biggest cities in the world. Its total area is about 370 square miles. The city stretches 36 miles from north to south and 16,5 miles from east to west. The Manhattan Island, the present Borough of Manhattan, is the seat of the central government of the state. Close to Manhattan lies the Governors Island and farther out in the bay stands the bronze Statue of Liberty. Moving up the East River we pass the foot of Wall Street. Wall Street is only a few blocks long, but it is the financial centre of the U.S. Economic and financial power of the country is concentrated in the skyscrapers of Wall Street, in the world's greatest Stock Exchange, in the banks, the oldest of which, the Bank of New York, was founded in 1784.

Harlem covers the northern part of Manhattan. It is the Negro capital much as New York is an unofficial American capital. It is big, teeming and brassy. To live in Harlem means to participate in a culture of poverty and fear. Harlem has a discriminatory economy, a discriminatory psychology, a discriminatory society.

The Lower East Side presents most of the aspects of metropolitan life. It's a district of tenement slums, cold water flats, dirty streets, comprising many distinct neighbourhoods: Chinatown, Little Italy, the Jewish quarter and others.

Tourists are invariably taken to Washington Square with its Washington Arch, built in honour of Washington’s first inaugural. The downtown area around Washington Square is called Greenwich Village, where many famous artists and writers used to live. The best known of the city's museums are the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Museum of Modern Art. The new cultural centre of the city is the Lincoln Centre for the Performing Arts, built in the 1960s. It's a giant complex of concert halls and theatres. Another centre of this kind is the Rockefeller Centre that also includes theatres and music halls.

Word List:

port of entry - порт увозу principal - головний fashion - мода the Central Northeast - Центральний Північний схід; junction - з'єднання bay - затока adjacent - сусідній, що примикає, суміжний counties - округ, окружний borough - один з п'яти районів Нью-Йорка nowadays - у даний час stretches - протягатися total area - загальна площа father out in the bay - далі у затоці the Statue of Liberty - Статуя Свободи

Stock Exchange - Фондова біржа teeming - переповнений brassy - зухвалий participate - брати участь poverty and fear - бідність і жах; discriminatory - дискримінаційний; psychology – психологія aspects of metropolitan life - аспекти столичного життя tenement slums - нетрі багатоквартирних домів comprise - включати neighbourhoods - околиці are invariably taken - незмінно прийняті inaugural - вступний skyscrapers - хмарочоси