Metodichka_writing
.pdfPractice time
Ex. 1. Fill in the correct prepositions, then choose any five items and make sentences.
to be serious ___smth |
to arrive ___ a city |
to be popular __smb |
to arrive ___ the office |
to decide ___ smth |
a limit ___ smth |
to warn smb ___ smb |
to be pleased ___ smb/smth |
to be worried ___ smth/smb |
to succeed ___ smth |
to think ____ smb/smth |
to prefer smth ___ smth else |
to live ___ smb |
to socialize ___ people |
Ex. 2. Fill in the correct prepositions, then choose any five items and make sentences.
to be transformed ___ smth |
to be an example ___smth |
to go ___ foot |
to worry ___ smb/smth |
to be far___ smth |
to boast __smth |
to ask ___ smth (enquire) |
to travel __ plane (but: to be ___ a plane) |
to ask ___smth (request) |
to travel ___ taxi (but: to be ___ a taxi) |
to be well–known ___ smth |
to be __ a bike |
to have a variety __ smth |
to provide ___smth |
Ex. 3. Fill in the correct prepositions, then choose any five items and make sentences.
to occur ___ smb |
to blame smb ____ smth |
to arrive ___ Paris |
to put blame ____ smb/smth |
to arrive ___the train station |
to blame smth ___ smth/smb |
to be unsure ___ smth |
to be bored ___ smb/smth |
to be ___ the train |
to be fed up ___ smb/smth |
it is typical ___ smb |
to fall ___ love ___ smb |
to head ___ somewhere |
to be married ___ smb (but: to marry smb) |
Ex. 4. Fill in the correct prepositions, then choose any five items and make sentences.
to be restricted ___ an area |
to cling ___ smb |
to lead ___ smth |
to be terrified ____ smth |
to result ___ smth |
to get rid ____ smth |
to deal ___ smb/smth |
to throw smth ___ smb ( in order to catch) |
to remind smb ____ smth |
to throw smth __ smb ( in order to hit) |
to search ___ smth |
to combine smth ____ smth else |
to be popular __ smb |
to be associated ___ smb/smth |
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Ex. 5. Fill in the correct prepositions, then choose any five items and make sentences.
to be high ___ calories |
to prefer smb/smth __ smb/smth else |
to be aware ___ smth |
to hear ___ smb (have news) |
to suffer ___ smth |
to hear ___ smb/smth ( to be told about |
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smb) |
to deal ___ smb/smth |
to complain ___ smb/smth |
to be lacking ___ smth |
to take a photo __ smb/smth |
the loss ___ smb/smth |
to care ___ smb/smth |
to miss out ___ smth |
to care ___ smb/smth (=to like/look after) |
Ex. 6. Fill in the correct prepositions, then choose any five items and make sentences.
to be in search __ smth |
to concentrate __ smth |
to prevent smb ___ doing smth |
to be responsible ___ smth/smb |
to suffer __ smth |
to share smth __ smb |
to invest __ smth |
to be the key __ smth |
to be dependent ___ smth/smb |
to participate ___ smth |
to protect smb ___ smb else/smth |
to discuss smth ___ smb |
to be threatened ___ extinction |
to be suitable ___ smb/smth |
to depend __ smb/smth |
to rely ___ smth/smb |
to plunge __ smth |
to be suitable __ smb/smth |
Ex. 7. Cross out the unnecessary words.
1.I need a book which I lent it to you.
2.He told to me that he had met my father.
3.He denied of having broken the window.
4.That’s the hotel where we stayed in last summer.
5.That is the man who he has just opened a travel agency.
6.Laura had read the entire book yesterday.
7.All the children who they came to the party had a nice time.
8.She has her car be serviced every three months.
9.He was been escorted to the car by guards.
10.He prefers walking than to playing tennis.
11.She was such very upset by the news.
12.I wish I would were better at sports.
13.You did remind him to phone me, didn’t you not?
14.If you visit the Rome, you will be impressed by the buildings.
15.Tom was being slightly injured in the accident.
16.It was such a bad weather that we stayed indoors.
17.Unless we will book seats, we’ll miss the concert.
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Ex. 8. Cross out the unnecessary words.
1.He must have to seen the prisoners when they escaped.
2.He is said to have be planning to resign.
3.She denied that having taken the file.
4.I look forward to be seeing the match at Wimbledon.
5.Do you remember to seeing this film for the first time?
6.You needn’t have call them now. Do it tomorrow.
7.I don’t believe she is been involved in the scandal.
8.Due to that the climate changing, the polar ice is melting.
9.It was such a difficult exercise that hardly not anyone completed it.
10.Running is tiring whereas of yoga is relaxing.
11.The hospital where he was born in is now a museum.
12.This vase costs the same much as that one.
13.I’d rather go skiing than to play squash.
14.Tim goes to the school every day by bus.
15.Ann can’t be the one who she stole the CDs.
16.We enjoy to going for long walks in the countryside.
17.I saw the red car to crash into a taxi.
18.Denise is much more better at skiing than I am.
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APPENDIX II
PUNCTUATION
Full stop/Period ( . )
A full stop comes at the end of a sentence: An electronic dictionary is more convenient than a paper one.
Comma ( , )
1.Use a comma to separate a series of three or more items: I take a dictionary, a notebook and some paper to class every day.
2.Use a comma before words and, but, or, so, and yet to separate two parts of a sentence that each have a subject and a verb: She needed some work experience, so she got a part-time job. He did not study at all, but he still got 87 % in the test.
3.Use a comma after an introductory word or expression, such as
However, Therefore, In conclusion: However, the high price of electric cars means that most people cannot afford one.
4.Use a comma in time clauses when the time clause precedes the main clause: After I have finished my report, I will watch the news. (Compare: I will watch the news after I have finished my report).
5.Use a comma in non-defining relative clauses when the relative pronouns cannot be omitted: Women, who generally possess educated taste–buds, rarely eat too much garlic.
Apostrophes (‘)
1.Use to show contractions: It’s generally believed NB: Contractions are not common in academic English.
2.Use with possessives: The professor’s secretary/Students’ marks
Quotation marks/Inverted commas (“ “)
1. Use quotation marks to show the exact words someone said or wrote: The teacher announced, “We’re going to have an exam next week”. Shakespeare wrote, “All the world’s a stage”.
NB: Do not use quotation marks if you’re reporting what another person said: The teacher said that we should study hard this week.
Capitalization (use of capital letters)
1.The first word of every sentence.
2.Days of the week (Wednesday) and months of the year (June).
3.The first letter (only) of the names of people and places (Moscow, John).
4.The main words of a title, but not articles or prepositions or conjunctions.
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Pay attention to the use of capital letters in the following expressions:
1.Mrs Ashley, Mr Brown, Lady Jones, Sir Geoffrey, Dr James, Professor Harmer
2.the Foreign Secretary, the Minister of Finance, the Archbishop of York
3.Oxford Street, Hyde Park, Trafalgar Square, Kensington Gardens
4.Lake Ontario, the River Thames, Mount Everest
5.Monday, January, Christmas, Easter, New Year’s Day
6.French, English, Spanish, Frenchman, Englishman, Spaniard
7.the Tate Gallery, the Museum of Modern Art, the Ritz Hotel
Practice time
Ex. 1. Use capital letters where necessary.
1. was professor smith working for the queen of england? 2. the british prime minister met the russian foreign minister for talks. 3. is lake geneva near mont blanc? 4. on wednesday we’re going to the museum of natural history. 5. the suggestion was made by captain grey on behalf of general green. 6. is doctor wilson british or american? 7. last year good friday was on april 1st. 8. we took a taxi from york station to the royal hotel in the city centre.
Ex. 2. Use capital letters where necessary.
1.the anglo-saxon language was the language of saxon forefathers in england, though they never gave it that name. they called it english.
2.the city of nome, alaska, acquired its name through error. there was a small settlement known as anvil city on the seaward peninsula in alaska. A washington clerk, in drawing a map, did know its name, and wrote “name?” at that place on the map. One of his superiors took the word for “nome” and that name still stands.
3.“stories in the modern manner”, edited by philip rahv and william phillips, was published by avon books.
4.don quixote is the work of cervantes who composed the book while he was in prison.
5.s. fitzgerald said, “the very rich are different from you and me.” – “yes,” hemingway replied.
Ex. 3. Put in an apostrophe where necessary.
1. Two wrongs dont make a right. 2. The womens changing room is opposite the mens. 3. Its exact translation is somewhat difficult, isnt it? 4. Do you know whos got the key for the store room? 5. Well send the goods by first class post. 6. Lets drop in at “The Smith”. 7. His work was
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much better than many other students works. 8. The Prime Minister of England speech was perfect. 9. Mr. Coates secretary is having lunch with the other bosses secretaries. 10. Its a challenging job, and Ill keep my fingers crossed that Marys application succeeds. 11. The Hawkins house is located next to the Jennings property. 12. The fact that John Erasers little shoe store has grown into the Frasers huge chain of stores restores ones confidence in the countrys spirit of entrepreneurship.
Ex. 4. Review the rules of using and punctuating relative clauses and then compare the following pairs of sentences, and decide which is correct. In some cases both answers are possible, but with different meanings.
1.a) Everest which is the highest mountain in the world was not climbed until 1953.
b)Everest, which is the highest mountain in the world, was not climbed until 1953.
2.a) The river that runs through Paris is called the Seine.
b)The river, that runs through Paris, is called the Seine.
3.a) They were sent some silk by their cousin who is in the merchant navy.
b)They were sent some silk by their cousin, who is in the merchant navy.
4.a) We need someone who can read Chinese.
b)We need someone who can read Chinese.
5.a) Mr. Brown who is a rather shy man does not like making speeches.
b)Mr. Brown, who is a rather shy man, does not like making speeches.
6.a) We got in through the window which somebody had left open.
b)We got in through the window, which somebody had left open.
7.a) Could you please let us know the dates, which would suit you best?
b)Could you please let us know the dates which would suit you best?
8.a) The students, who work hard, were given a bonus.
b)The students who work hard were given a bonus.
Ex. 5. Punctuate the following sentences if necessary.
1. Winston Churchill who was unpopular with many people became Prime Minister. 2. What is the name of the mountains which divide Spain and France? 3. The supplies which we kept in the shed rapidly became mouldy. 4. Politicians who are dishonest should be punished severely. 5. The committee that is responsible includes her mother and father who are both lawyers. 6. The German car which won the race was driven by an Austrian. 7. The jewellery that is displayed in the exhibition belongs to the royal family. 8. Martin Reds who was born in the same year I was is a distinguished author.
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Ex. 6. Punctuate the following sentences by adding commas, apostrophes, and quotation marks.
1.On Friday June 10 at 9 30 am the premier will meet the union leaders however he is not expected to make an announcement afterwards.
2.Jeffs article A Study in Entrepreneurship is a good one but its not likely to be published.
3.When the Lewis car lost its muffler Sam had to take it to Susans fathers garage.
4.Thats a nineteenth century attitude Ann said but at least its not hypocritical.
5.People who are shy often have spouses who do most of the talking for them or so it seems.
6.The new regulations will prove to be to everyones disadvantage.
7.Once daylight came we thought we were safe however this was not to be.
8.Keats poem To Autumn is possibly the greatest evocation of that season ever written.
9.Its not easy to isolate its cause but we think its due to the torrential rain we had yesterday.
10.The car left the road rolled down the bank turned over several times hit a tree and then burst into flames.
Ex. 7. Punctuate the paragraph by adding capital letters, full stops and commas where necessary.
aeroplanes have been getting bigger and faster over the years the first modern aeroplane was the boeing 247 which was introduced in 1933 it had room for 10 passengers during the second world war the jet engine was developed the first jet airliner which was called the comet started service in 1952 it had four jet engines and could fly at 885 kph later in 1958 pan american airlines introduced the boeing 707 which could carry 112 passengers because of the powerful engines the plane was able to cross the atlantic from new york to london in less than eight hours which was half the time of the old propeller aircraft
Ex. 8. Punctuate the following text, putting in capitals where necessary. Indicate where a paragraph break would improve the text. when columbus returned from america he was much honored by the king and queen of spain and was entertained at many banquets naturally he excited the envy of many people who thought that the honour columbus received was due to them on account of their position one day when the great explorer was at a dinner in company with some nobles the
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latter began to disparage his achievement and to say any one of us could have done the same after all there was nothing wonderful in merely sailing westward until land appeared columbus overhearing their talk resolved to silence them he took up an egg and challenged them to make it stand on one end the egg was accordingly passed round the table all tried but no one succeeded columbus then took the egg broke it slightly at one end and so made it stand upright the nobles exclaimed that it was easy we could have done that yes said columbus it was easy to do but it was first necessary to think of it this silenced his detractors who began to understand how foolish they were
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APPENDIX III |
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LINKING WORDS AND PHRASES |
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1. Transitional signals to list ideas in order of time |
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First, |
before |
The first (reason, cause, step) |
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Second, |
after |
To begin/start with |
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Third, |
until |
An additional … |
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Next, |
when |
The second … |
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Then |
while |
Another … |
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After that, |
as soon as |
The final … |
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Meanwhile, |
since |
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Now |
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Soon |
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2. Transitional signals to list ideas in order of importance |
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Firstly, |
The first (reason, cause, step) |
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First of all, |
An additional … |
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In the first place, |
The second … |
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Secondly, |
Another … |
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Thirdly, |
A more important … |
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More important, |
The most important/significant … |
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Most important, |
The best/the worst … |
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Above all, |
First and foremost |
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Most of all, |
Finally, |
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3. Transitional signals to add an opposite idea |
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However, |
Nevertheless, |
but |
in spite of |
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On the other hand, |
On the contrary, |
although |
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4. Result and reason transitional signals |
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As a result, |
so |
For these reasons, |
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Consequently, |
to result in |
because |
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Accordingly, |
to cause |
because of |
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Hence, |
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Thus, |
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Therefore, |
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5. Transitional signals for comparison and contrast |
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Comparison |
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Contrast |
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also |
as |
however |
nevertheless |
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likewise |
just as |
in contrast |
while, whereas |
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similarly |
as … as |
too |
just like |
and |
similar to |
both … and |
be like, be alike |
not only … but also be similar |
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neither … nor |
in the same way |
instead |
unlike, regardless |
in/by comparison |
despite, in spite of |
on the other hand |
compared to/with |
but, yet, still |
be different from |
on the contrary |
differ from |
although |
be dissimilar |
even though, though be unlike
Qualification of comparison
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considerably |
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exactly |
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a great deal |
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precisely |
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(very) much |
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just |
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(quite) a lot |
smaller |
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virtually |
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X is |
rather |
bigger |
than X is |
practically |
the same as |
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somewhat |
cheaper |
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more or less |
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a little |
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almost |
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slightly |
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nearly |
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scarcely |
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approximately |
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hardly |
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about |
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exactly |
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totally |
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X is not |
entirely |
the same as |
X is |
completely |
different from |
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quite |
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entirely |
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quite |
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X and Y are different |
in every |
way |
totally |
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dissimilar |
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respect X and Y are completely |
different |
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entirely |
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quite |
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6. Transitional signals to show the relationship between causes and effects
Cause (reason) |
Effects (results) |
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because |
due to (the fact that) so |
to result in |
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since |
because of |
as a result |
to cause |
as |
the effect of |
as a consequence to have an effect on |
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owing to |
the consequence of |
therefore |
to affect |
on account of |
as a result of |
thus |
the cause of |
on the grounds as a consequence of consequently |
the reason for |
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that |
given that |
accordingly |
for this reason |
to result from |
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hence |
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to be the result of |
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if … were to happen, … the effect/result |
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would be … |
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