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d 2 y

the second derivative of у with respect to s, plus у times the

+[2 +b(s)]× y = 0

quantity two plus b of s, is equal to zero

ds2

3/4 km

three quarters of a kilometer

n

sum; X1+X2i....+Xn

∑Xk

k =1

1.65 km

one point sixty-five kilometer

n

product; X1*X2 ...Xn

∏Xk

k =1

15 Ib

fifteen pounds

r

the sum from k equals 0 to k

∑

k =0

equals r

50 mi/h

fifty miles per hour

modulo – 2 sum

5 ft/s

5 feet per second

X

largest integer less than or equal

to X (the integer part of X)

16 h. p.

16 horse powers

X

smallest integer greater than or

equal to X

74.5 °F

seventy-four point five degrees

x ≈ y

x is approximately equal to y

Fahrenheit

20 °C

twenty degrees Centigrade

x << y

x is negligible compared to у

…..

a dotted line

n

number of combinations of n

objects taken m at a time

m

−−−

a dash line

f

g

f is defined to be equal to y

- - - -

a broken line

f

norm of function f

− − −

a dot and dash line

(fg )

inner product of functions f and

. .

g

a solid line

[f (D)]mn

fmDm +fm+1Dm+l +...+fnDn for

n ≥m and 0 for m>n where

f(D)= ∑ fkDk is a polynomial

−−→

in the direction of the arrow

A B

union of sets A and B (that is,

the set of elements in A or B of

both)

M*

a starred parameter

f (x)

gradient of the function f(x)

M

its instarred counterpart

Ac

complement of set A

laplacian

U Am

A1U A2U A3U …

m

a triangle

intersection of sets A and В (that

A ∩ B

is, the set of elements

commonly contained in sets A

and B)

X

the increment of X

a A

the element a is contained in the

set A

/m/

m appears between slats

В is a subset of A

B A

<

the word signal is angle-enclosed

a:S

the set of elements a such that

statement S is satisfied.

signal>

1.

followed by a period

A is defined as the set of

A={a:S}

elements a for which statement

S is satisfied

reference

5 is a raised numerical

S1 S2

statement S1 implies S2 and S2

5

implies S1

/tube/

the word tube is cited between

GCD

greatest common divisor

single quotation marks

the word line is cited between

infinum; largest number n ever

//line//

double quotation marks

inf f(x)

exceeding f (x) over allowed

range of x. If the minimum

exists, then inf f (x) = min f

{x}

~

a swung dash

lowest common multiple

LCM

§

a section

lim

limit as x approaches у

x→ y

italic

indicated by a single straight

lim

limit as x approaches у from

type

underscore

→ y +

above

simulati

indicated by a double underscore

lim

limit as x approaches у from

on

→ y −

below

control

indicated by a wavy underscore

ln

natural logarithm

log

logarithm to arbitrary base

Rn (m)

remainder after dividing m by n

(logn indicates logarithm to

(m and n positive integers)

base n)

remainder after dividing

max f (x)

maximum value of f (x) over

Rg(D)

allowed range of x

f(D)

polynomial f (D) by g (D)

maximum over x belongs to k

supremum; smallest number

max

sup f (x)

never exceeded by f (x) over

x k

allowed range of x. If the

maximum exists, then sup f

(x)=max f (x)

min f (x)

minimum value of f (x) over

A B

the points A and В are marked

• •

allowed range of x

with letters

Α α

alpha

альфа

Ν ν

nu

ню

Β β

beta

бета

Ξ ζ

xi

кси

Ι γ

gamma

гамма

Ο ο

omicron

омикрон

δ

delta

дельта

Π π

pi

пи

Ε ε

epsilon

эпсилон

Ρ ρ

rho

ро

Ζ ξ

zeta

дзета

Σ σ

sigma

сигма

Η η

eta

эта

Τ τ

tau

тау

Θ θ

theta

тэта

Υ υ

upsilon

ипсилон

Ι ι

jota

йота

Φ ϕ

phi

фи

Κ κ

kappa

каппа

Χ χ

chi

хи

Λ λ

lambda

ламбда

Ψ ψ

psi

пси

Μ μ

mu

мю

Ω ω

omega

омега