Английский язык.Civil Engineering

using phrases (page137).

6.6 Read the text about water supply system of St. Petersburg to find answers to the following questions.

Water Supply System (WSS) of St. Petersburg 1. What does St. Petersburg water supply system include?

St. Petersburg takes water from surface and underground sources. The main water source is the Neva River; more than 96 % of water is taken from the Neva and channeled to 5 major waterworks: Main Waterworks (MW), Northern Waterworks (NW), Southern Waterworks (SW), Volkovskaya Waterworks (VW), Waterworks in Kolpino.

St. Petersburg water supply system is a complex of engineering structures providing uninterrupted water supply to the consumers. The complex includes 4 waterworks in the city, 5 waterworks in the suburbs, 177 boosting pumping stations, 6,391.2 km of networks.

2. How is the whole WSS divided into?

The whole water supply system is divided into water supply zones: water supply zone “North”, water supply zone “South”, water supply zone “Center”.

The source of water supply zones is the main waterworks. Each water supply zone is divided into water supply districts. The water supply districts are divided into water supply sectors. Each sector is divided into segments. A segment is a basic territorial unit of the water supply system served by one structural division – a team.

3. Vodokanal applies a three-stage process of water disinfection, doesn’t it? What else is used to ensure removal of odors and oil products?

Since 2007, Vodokanal applies a unique two-stage process of overall water disinfection at St. Petersburg waterworks. This process is based on a highly effective but safe chemical – sodium hypochlorite (chemical method) and UV water treatment (physical method). Such combination enables us to fully guarantee epidemiological safety of water supply in St. Petersburg, and total compliance of

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microbiological indicators of water quality with the current norms. Saint-Petersburg is the first megalopolis to treat all potable water with ultraviolet and to use no liquid chlorine for potable water disinfection.

UV Plant

4. Why is Vodokanal proud of its system of water quality biomonitoring? Who helps the staff?

Vodokanal is proud of its unique system of water quality biomonitoring – diagnostics of the

functional status of crayfish and fish. The method developed by the Russian Academy of Sciences’ Environmental Safety Research Institute consists in measuring the local crayfish cardiorythm and analysing the behavior of fish. If the water from the Neva contains toxic

substances, the heart rate of crayfish increases, and the behavior of fish changes significantly. Now, the biomonitoring system is used at all waterworks in the city. The “staff” of the Main Waterworks includes 12 crayfish. Their working schedule: two days in the aquarium under supervision, then four days of rest and active eating. Vodokanal employs male crayfish only.

6.7Watch the video № 1 from Video archive (page 101) and try to speak about the innovative system of water supply in St. Petersburg.

6.8Watch the video № 4 from Video archive (page 101). After

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watching video try to speak on the question of water quality biomonitoring in St. Petersburg.

6.9 Read the text “Sewerage system of St. Petersburg” and find out what new method of wastewater treatment has been used and how the problem of wastewater sludge utilization is solved in this town.

Sewerage System of St. Petersburg

Saint-Petersburg has a combined scheme of sewerage: 70 % of the whole territory has a combined sewage system, which receives domestic, industrial as well as surface (rainfall, snowmelt) runoffs, and 30 % – mainly, new districts and suburbs sewered according to the separate scheme (rainfall and snowmelt waters are collected separately from other sewage).

The structure of wastewater disposal sectors is similar to that of water supply sectors. The Saint-Petersburg wastewater disposal system comprises: sewage networks – 7936.4 km, tunnel collectors – 221.15 km, sewage pumping stations (SPS) – 109, wastewater treatment plants of different capacity – 21, sludge incineration plants – 3.

Pipe diameters of municipal sewerage network in St. Petersburg are from 150 mm (courtyard networks) to 4,7 m (tunnel collectors). Tunnel collectors are the basic mains for transporting sewage to wastewater treatment plants. The design capacity of sewage pumping stations varies from 300 m3/d to 1,000,000 m3/d. SUE “Vodokanal of St. Petersburg” performs modernization and reconstruction of SPS by implementing modern pump units and integrated sewage pumping stations. In addition to the replacement of pumps and electrical equipment other auxiliary mechanisms are also modernized.

St. Petersburg is the first megalopolis in the world where the problem of wastewater sludge (осадок сточных вод) utilization is solved. Sludge is incinerated (сжигать) in the fluidized-bed furnaces (печь с псевдоcжиженным слоем) at the temperature of 870ÁC. The heat produced by sludge incineration is used for process needs, space heating and power generation for Vodokanal to save energy resources. Flue gases are treated in three stages.

As for wastewater treatment technologies, until recently, a

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classic, two-stage (mechanical and biological) treatment process was used at the wastewater treatment plants in St. Petersburg. Since 2008 one more level of wastewater treatment has been used. It is UV disinfection of treated effluents (сточные воды).

Sludge Incineration Plant at the

Northern WWT

6.10Watch the video № 3 from Video archive (page 101) and check if you have the right understanding of the work of sewerage system of St. Petersburg.

6.11Write a short summary about the activities of the SUE “Vodokanal of St. Petersburg”, using the following plan outline.

1. State Unitary Enterprise (SUE) “Vodokanal of St. Petersburg” is one of … .

2. The history of this enterprise goes back to … . 3. It provides drinking water to … .

3. The staff is about … .

4. Vodokanal’s activities include … .

5. The length of the water distribution networks is … . 6. The length of sewer networks is … .

7. Since 2007, Vodokanal applies a unique two-stage process of … . 8. This process is based on … .

9. It is interesting to note that water condition in the Neva is checked by means of a biomonitoring system where … .

10. St. Petersburg is the first megalopolis in the world where the problem of … .

11. The heat produced by sludge incineration is used for … . 12. Flue gases are treated … .

13. Since 2008 UV disinfection of treated effluents … .

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Unit VII: Outstanding People in the Field of Water Supply and Water Disposal

7.1 Translate:

to organize – organizer – organization, science – scientific – scientist, to supply – supplier, to publish – publisher – publication, to use – user

– useful – useless, ecology – ecological, to treat – treatment, technology – technological, to invent – inventor – invention; to manage – management;

7.2 Find synonyms. Match A with B.

A:to use, to provide, to better, to direct, outstanding, effective, invention, activity

B:to supply, prominent, work, to utilize, to improve, to head, discovery, efficient;

7.3 Can you name any famous scientists in your field? You probably can … . But the list seems to stop before it starts. So, read the text about one of the outstanding scientist in the field of water supply and water disposal, and speak on his scientific and practical activity.

Felix Vladimirovich Karmazinov

Felix Vladimirovich Karmazinov is an outstanding scientist and civil engineer of our time, State Prize winner of Russia in the field of science and technology (2001), member of several foreign and Russian Academies, honorable Professor of the European University of the International Academy

of Natural and Social Sciences.

He was born in 1943 near Leningrad. In 1966 he graguated from the Leningrad Institute of Water. He began his career as a foreman at a plant. Now he is a general director of a state enterprise “Vodokanal St. Petersburg”.

Since 1987 F.V. Karmazinov heads this state enterprise. Being an experienced and gifted organizer and scientist, professor

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Karmazinov uses modern methods in the field of management, economy and technology. The enterprise provides good and effective work of water supply and water disposal system of St. Petersburg.

In 1998 and 2000 F.V. Karmazinov defended his candidate and doctorate dissertations, respectively. He is the author of more than 80 scientific publications and 40 inventions. All his works are devoted to bettering water supply and water disposal systems and providing good drinking water and ecology in towns and cities of Russia and CIS countries.

In 2010 he was chosen the winner of the national award “Person of the Year 2010” in the category “Environmental Protection” for implementing the best world practices of water supply management in Saint-Petersburg, improving the water consumption culture and carrying out activities aimed at preservation (coхранение) of the Baltic Sea.

7.4 Study the expressions to be remembered. Mach A with B.

7.5 Translate into English:

выдающийся ученый в области ВС и ВО, закончить вуз, возглавлять государственное предприятие, доктор технических наук, профессор, готовить специалистов, обеспечить хорошую и эффективную работу, быть автором 80 научных публикаций, хорошая питьевая вода, Россия и страны СНГ

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7.6 Read the sentences. Use English words and word combinations instead of the Russian ones.

1.Professor Karmazinov is an outstanding scientist in the field of (наука и техника).

2.He is a member of several (зарубежных и российских Академий наук).

3.F. V. Karmazinov directs (государственное предприятие).

4.Professor Karmazinov uses (cовременные методы управления) in the field of economy and technology.

5.The enterprise provides good and effective work of (водоснабжение и водоотведение) systems.

6.It also provides good (питьевая вода).

7.7 Render the text into English, using the following words and word combinations: water industry, water supply, water disposal, work at a chair of, head the laboratory of natural water cleaning, fundamental researches, drinking water, scientific books, licenses and patents inventions, papers and booklets, high qualification, scientific school, by filtration.

М.Г. Журба

Михаил Григорьевич Журба окончил в 1965 году Украинский институт инженеров водного хозяйства в г. Ровно по специальности “Водоснабжение и водоотведение”. После окончания аспирантуры Журба М.Г. работал на кафедре и заведовал лабораторией водоподготовки в НИИ г. Кишинев.

В настоящее время профессор, доктор технических наук, действительный член Академии ЖКХ он заведует лабораторией очистки природных вод и инженерных сооружений водоподготовки ГНЦ РФ НИИ ВОДГЕО.

С 1994 г. М.Г. Журба является научным руководителем фундаментальных исследований по теме “Теоретическое обоснование и разработка технологий подготовки питьевой воды”. Он автор 12 книг, 67 авторских свидетельств и патентов РФ на изобретения, 250 научных статей и брошюр. Большой вклад внесен М.Г. Журбой в подготовку кадров высшей

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квалификации. Он является руководителем научной школы в области очистки воды фильтрованием через плавающие полимерные загрузки.

7.8 Now speak about one of the outstanding persons in your field.

Unit VIII: Congresses, Exhibitions, Publications 8.1 Read and try to memorize the words.

8.2 Translate the word-combinations:

to present a wide spectrum of equipment and services for rational use, to have tremendous water resources, one of the key tasks for, to work out the most comprehensive approaches to, the main tool of promotion of your company’s products and services in the market.

8.3 Try to recognize the international words:

ecology, congress, technology, municipal and industrial, combine, demonstration, professionals, sections, monitoring international cooperation.

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8.4 Look through the information given below. Would you like to take part in this very congress? Give your reasons why?

The 9th International Congress and Technical Exhibition “Water: Ecology and Technology” (ECWATECH – 2010)

1-3 June 2010, Moscow

ECWATECH today is the biggest water and wastewater forum in Eastern Europe which presents a wide spectrum of equipment and services for rational use, recovery and protection of water resources, water treatment, municipal and industrial water supply, wastewater treatment, construction and operation of piping systems, water bottling, etc.

ECWATECH is a complex event consisting of a congress and an exhibition. These two parts of one event allow combining effectively demonstration of modern technologies with hot topics discussion.

The organizers of the Forum were the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, The Federal Agency for Water Resources, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Association for Water supply and Water Disposal, Vodocanal of Moscow, Vodocanal of St. Petersburg, Rosvodokanal and a number of other organizations and authorities.

The key figures of ECWATECH-2010 were:

•749 exhibitors from 28 countries,

•14497 sq. m of net-exhibition space,

•12 642 visitors,

•about 1000 conferences attendees,

•totally 25 conferences and seminars were held,

•more than 1000 professionals from 30 countries participated in these events.

Traditionally, the specialists determining political, economic and technical ways for the development of water sector participate in the Forum activities.

The Congress work was organized according to the following traditional sections:

1. Water resources

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2.Water supply

3.Water disposal and waste-water treatment

4.Economics, law and management in water supply and water disposal system

5.Ecological monitoring of water objects

6.States of emergency at water supply facilities.

This forum is very important for Russia because our country has tremendous water resources. The effective and careful use of these resources became one of the key tasks for economically developed country. The International Water Forum ECWATECH allows working out the most comprehensive approaches to implement the industry challenges determined by the Government of the Russian Federation and to support the most prospective international cooperation.

The leading exhibition in water and wastewater industry ECWATECH – is the main tool of promotion of your company’s products and services in the market!

8.5Give a short summary of the text, using phrases (page 137).

8.6Imagine that you are going to take part in the work of the International Exhibition. Look through the information and fill in the Registration Form:

For one person only Not for sale

Dear Sirs,

We have the pleasure to invite you to the 10th International Congress and Technical Exhibition

“Water: Ecology and Technology” (ECWATECH – 2011), June 1 – 4, 2011 Crocus Congress Center, Moscow, Russia.

Registration Form

Name………………………………………………………………….

last first middle

Career / Position………………………………………………………

Sphere of Interest………………………………………………....…..

Full Address……………………………………………………….….

Telephone Number……………………………………………………

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