Глава 7. Проводниковые материалы. С.186-229
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Hel(OTopbte |
CBOMC153 |
cn.rIaBOB |
TIBIa HHxpOMa ,UaHbl B Ta6n. 7-6. |
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Hx MeXaUHtIeCKl1e napaMeTpbl: tJ p = |
650 --700 ~\na, Ai/! =-. 25--30 ~,~. |
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HHXpOMbi BeChl\13 TexHO,"TIorHllHbI, HX !\lO}l(HO nerKO IlPOTHfEBaTb B cpaBHlIH.\,lbHO TOHKyfO npOBQJloKy Ii,nIl neBl)'.OHB HMeIOT BbICOKYIO pa60qyfO TChL2paTypy. O;U18KO, K3K If B KOHCTaHT3Ee, B 3THX cn.naBax BeJIHKO
co,nep*aHHe ,nopororo H JleqmUHTHoro KOMnOHeHTa - HHKeJIH.
XpOMO-aJIIOMHHHeBble CnJ1aBbI |
(¢expa.Hb, XpOM3JI b) HaMHoro Jl.e- |
||
meB.rle HHXpOMOB, TaK K3K |
XpOM |
H 3.11OMI1HIIH |
cpaBHHTeJlbHO ,ll.ell1eBbI |
H JIerKO JI,OCTYI1Hb!. OlI.HaKO |
3TH |
CllJIaabI MeHee |
TeXHOJIorHqHbI, 60.TIee |
TBepJI,bI H xpynKH, H3 HlfX MoryT 6blTb nOJIYQeHbl npOB0J10KH H JIeHTbl JlHWb 60Jlbll1erO nOnepeqHOro celleHHH, qeM H3 lmxpOMOB. D03TOMY 3TH CnJl3BbI B OCHOBHOM IICnOJIb3YlOTCH B 3.rIeKTpOTepi\-mQeCKOH TeXHHKe )1.JlR lJleKTpOHarpeBaTeJlbHbIX yCTpoikTB 60JlbWOH MOll.l,HOCTH H npOMbIliVIeH-
HbIX 3JIeKTpHtIeCKHX netIeil. HeKOTopble CBOHCTBa 3THX CnJlaBOB npUBeJI,eHbI B Ta6Jl.
CnJlABbl .lJ,J1~ |
TEPMonAP |
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)1.'151 H3fOTOB.'leHlUI TepMonap |
npUMU";Xrn T'::5I c,:e-'.yT urw" |
Cr:,"'?-3hr: |
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KOneJlb (56 % Cu H 44 % Ni), |
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11.1IOMe/lb (95 % Ni, OCTaJIbHOe AI, Si H Nlg), |
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XpO.He;lb (90 % Ni H 10 % Cr), |
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n.wmwwpoau(i (90 % Pt H 10 % Rh). |
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Ha pHC. 7-27 OblJIH rrpHBe,~eHbI 3aBHCHMOCTH TepMo-3,UC |
OT pa3HocTH TCMnepaTyp |
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ropHlfETO H XOJIO,1],HOrO cnaeB ,1],JIH HaHoo..'IeeynoTpe6HTNlhHhIX TepMonap. |
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T;:pMonaphI |
MoryT |
npnMeHHThcH ,LUHI |
H3McpeHHH |
C.TIe.rr.)'lOllI.HX TeMnepaTyp: |
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ll/Wn1U1-iOpOaUa - |
1l.wmUfla -.no 1600 °c, |
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350°C. |
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Meat - |
KOHCmWitnaH H |
Meab'- Konellb - |
/LO |
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no 600 OCt |
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:)f(e.le~o - |
KOHcmaHmaH, |
:>fCeJle30 - |
Konellb |
u |
xpOMe/!b - |
KoneAb - |
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-"pO.Mellb |
- aJlIOMeJlb - |
,1],0 900-1000 °c. |
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Han60JIhwYID TepMo-S'uCnpH ,a:aHHoH |
pa3HocTH Tel\mepaTYP |
pa3BlfBaeT TepMonapa |
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xpO'Vle.rIbKOneJIb. 3HaK TepMo-.3JI.C y npHBeneHHhlx Ha pHC. 7-27 TepMonap TaKOB, tITO B XOJ10,J;HOM cnae TOK ll,1],eT OT rrepBDfo Ha3BaHHOfO B nape MaTepHaJIa KO BTOpOMy (T.e. OT xpoMe.7JH K Konemo, OT Me,LI.U K KOHcTaHTaHy), a B rOpHqeM cnae - B 06paTHoM HanpaB.TJ:eHHH.
222
BeCbM3 3H8 t IlneJIbHhlMH K0.9¢4mUHeHTaMlf repMo-3JlC 06JIa)I,aIOT HeKOTOpble nOJIy- npOBO.LI.HHKOBble M8TepH3.JIhI, KOTOpWe, B qaCTHOCTH, MoryT HCnOJIb30B81bC5I ftJI5I H3rOTOBJILHHH TepW3.71€KTptI4CCKHX reHep2TO!WB (eM. eTp. 266).
TE H30METPvt4ECKY1E CnJlABbl
3TH |
CllJlaBbl npl1M(:HHlDlCH B npeo('I'('!:-)()B(ne.'151X.n.e¢op:-.:a!lHJ1 |
paSJ1WWbL\ I\OH |
CTpy KUHrt |
IlO/l lLeJkTB}!€M MCXClHII4fCKH X (('ObllIHO raCT5irHB8KHlUIX) |
yCHJIHii. lleikTBHe |
T3KHX npeo6pa30B3T€JIei1 OCBOBaHO Ha H3MeHeHHH conpOTHBJIemUI npH fteq.,opvaIUHIX TeH3GMeTiHllleCKoro 3.'IeMeHT3, K03q;q.lllUltHT TeH304YBCTBHTLnbHOCTH Onpe.llfJIHeTCH Bblp3lKemH:M
fAe !J.R - |
H3MeHeHiole |
conpOTHBJleHIHI R npH |
H3MlHt'HHl1·!J.l.ll,.'lHHbi g.1lMeHTa |
t. |
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3HaqeHlle d |
MO:tKeT 6blTb |
paCCQHT3HO |
no ¢OPMY.Tl€ |
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1 |
~P |
E....S + I, |
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(7-14) |
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d = 1- r -- |
F |
~p, |
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p |
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3.1lt:Cb |
~p - |
H31\;J\:?Ht:HHe |
yJ].t'.'lbHOrOconpoTHB.neHH5I |
p MaT€pH3.;'](l T€H30npe06pa30B3- |
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TeJ1H flO,ll. B.llHHHHeM Mcx3HHlleCKdt HarpY3KB |
F; S - |
n.10lll.aAb |
t:onepel-lHOrO |
CeQEHHH |
||||||||||
npoBo.'10KH npeo6pa30BaTe.15I; E - |
MOJlYJJb |
K)Hra; It - |
]W3q.q'HUIiCHT nyaccoHa |
M3Te- |
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pIJa.1a 9TOI{ npoBo:lOKH. |
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OCHOBHhlM |
M'lTepH2.J10M ,1,.151 |
TeH30npt:06pa30E3TCJIeH, pa6OT(J:{ lltHX np" |
cpaBHH- |
|||||||||||
T€.llbHO HeBhlcoKHX TEMneparypax, |
5IB~151eTC51 onHcaHHbIM Bhlwe KCiIlCTf.iHT8H. |
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KOHl AKTHblE MA TEPV1Anbl |
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Han60.1ee OlBeTCTBtHHblMll |
KUHTaKl<?,',lH, Ilpj~:VleH1!O!bIMI1 B |
:'.li::KTfOT€XHHKe, 1:IB- |
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JlHiDTCH KOHTaKTbI, |
c.'IYj;<.aume AJlH nepHO;lllLJeCKOfO 3€lMblKaHHH |
11 pa3MbIKaHH51 |
3JIEK- |
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TplFlecKHx |
uenefI |
(pa3pUB hhie, |
B |
T3K)Ke |
CKO.ilb:~HillUle !WHT3KTbI). |
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i\\aTepHa.TlLl |
!:.15l |
pa3phlBHblX |
!\oHTClKTOB, |
npHMelHH"MhiC )1.'HI pa3Mb1K3Hl151 |
llfTIeH |
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npn 6o.:1bmHx CH:IaX TOI{B H BLICOEHX HanpmKeHII5IX, )l,OMKHbl 06eCnt4HD8Tb ELICOKYIO
HJAUKHOCTb (HCK.'llolIeHHe B03MQ)KHOCTll o6rOpaHH5I KOHT3KTlIPYICIll,HX rrOBepxHocTei'f,
8 TaK,Ke npHBapHBaHHH HX /l,pyr K .llpyry nO,II. )J,eJIcTBH€M B03HHK2JOlll.eM npH p33pblBe
KOHTaKTa |
9~'IeJ{Tp!jlH'CKO~1 ,TIyrII) npH Ma.10M m:peXO;:'HOM3JleKTpH4eCKOM conpOTHBJleHlUI |
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KOHT3KTa |
B 3aMK1-!VTO~\1 COCT05IJ-iHlL |
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B K3l.leCTBe KCHn8KTHblX ~laH:rH1a.lt~B ,i,.lSl |
pa3pblBHh!X KOHTaKTUB, nOMHMO 4JlCTbIX |
|||||||
Tyron~13BKHX |
MeT3JlJlOB, |
[]pHMeH5H0TC~1 pa3.'iH4Hble |
CnJl8BhJ H |
M(:Ta.1.'IOKepaMHlJ~:CKHe |
|||||
KO!\1il03HurlH. |
50~lJblllOe |
npUMeHeHHe H'IleeT M3TepI-13.1 |
CHCTel\lLJ |
Ag-CdO npH CO)l,ep· |
|||||
)KaHHH OKCHfta Ka;lMHH |
12-20 % no Macce. TaKoii !\!,frepH3J1 n0J1YljaelC51 npH BarpeBe |
||||||||
B |
oKHcmne~lbHOJ1 anwcq:epe crr.:13B3 cepe6po - |
K3,IlMHl';. ,U.15! |
p83pblBHhlX |
KOHT8KTOB |
|||||
B |
YCTaHoBK3x |
60.11billO{1 |
|
MOIllHOCTH I1JHII\leHHIOT |
KOMn03HllHH Ag |
C Co, Ni, |
Cr, \V, Mo |
||
H Ta; Cu |
C \V HMo; Au r. \V HMo. |
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AiaTepHa.i1bl ,II}I5I CKOJlb3Hll..lHX IWHTa KTOB ,ll.Om-KHhl |
o6~'Ia)J,aTb |
BblCOKOH |
cToi1 KOCTblO |
|||||
K |
IlCTHpamno. |
n.nn 3TOM |
u,e_TJH npHMeHHloT XO~lJO.n.HOTHEYTYlO(TBepl1YIO) Me,ll.b, 6epWJ.1IHr |
||||||
eByro 6POH3Y |
(eM. BbIllle) , 3 TaK:tKe MaTepH3JIhl |
CHCT€Mbl'Ag-Cc!O. lll,elKH, |
C.Jlym8111He |
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)l)HI e03ftaHlUl. CKO.1b35IllJ,ero KOHT3KT3 BO BpalU2JDlllHXC5I 3.'lE:K1rW,ecKllx M2UlHH3X, onHcaHbI fHDKe Ha CTp. 226.
npHnOH |
npeACTaB~15UOT c060Il |
cneUHa.lbHble |
cn.TJ3Bbl, |
npllMeh5iE!\;LC |
i; fH J);;;lKe. |
|||
na fIKa oCYIll,eCTB.:1HeTC5I |
HJIH C ueJlblO C03,ll.BHHH MexaHli4eCKH npo1IHoro |
(IlHOf,lld rep- |
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Mo.:Tl1lIHoro) |
WBa, IUlH |
C u,e.'IblO nO.lyq€HH51 |
nOCTOHHHoro |
3.11eKTpWI€CKOrO Korn8KTa |
||||
, |
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nov |
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c r,:a.lbIM nepeXOftHblM conpOTHBJleHH€M. |
pH |
naHKe MeCTa |
COe,ll.HHf>HlHI H np/inCH H3- |
|||||
rpesaJOTCH. |
TaK K8K npllTIOH lU,leeT TeMnep3TYPY |
n.T1aB.TJ.eHH5I 3HaqHT€JlbHO MHJLU ',ylO, |
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lIe:..! y COe)l,HH5IeMbIX MeT8.:1.'lOB, TO |
OR rWaBHTC1:I, B |
TO BpeMH |
K8K cnaHBaeMble MtT2Jl.1bJ |
|||||
OCTaIOTC5I TBep.uhIMH. Ha rpaHHue conpHKOCHOBeHHH paCrrJlaBJleHHOrO npUTl05J H TEep- ,lJ.oro MeTa~lJIa rrpOHCXO.J.HT C.'1O)KHLle<pH3HKO-XI1MHlJ:eCKHe npOueCChI. npHnoH CM?LJ,IB3eT MeTa,,1Jl, pacTeKaeTC5I no HeMy H 3anOJIHHeT 3330pbl Me}!{)lY eOejlHH5JE:Mb!MH ;J,CT(.l5iil.!lL
223
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Ta6/l!Ufa 7-8
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COCTaB |
" CBOHCTS3 |
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npHiloeB |
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,._,,---_. |
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--- |
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Cr:;OHCTBa |
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- |
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-- |
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MapRa npn11051 |
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OCHOBHbre |
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I1pe,!J;eJI |
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MaTepHaJIhI, |
cnaHBueMble |
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Tan |
npHn05'f |
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jIJIOTHOCTb. |
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TeMnepaTypa |
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KGM110UeHTbl |
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npOIJHOCTH |
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)J.aHH blM npHflOeM |
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Mr/M3 |
|
I1pH paCT5'f)Ke |
- |
nJfaBJIeHH}l, |
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1 |
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HHl:I, MDa |
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°C |
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- |
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Sn 18-90 %, |
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-- |
~.-------:...-..- |
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I l\1e)],b Ii |
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DPHfIOH |
OJiOB5UW 0- |
|
OT |
flOC-18 |
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7,6-10,2 |
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28-43 |
|
190-277 |
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ee |
CnJIaBbI, cepe6po, |
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CBHHQOBbIe |
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Jl:O |
TIOC-90 |
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Sb 0,15-2,5 %, |
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OUHHKOBaHHoe *ene3O |
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Ph - |
OCTaJIbHOe |
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- |
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DPHIlOH |
OJIOBjIHHO- |
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nOCK-47 |
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Sn 47-50 %, |
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- |
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--- |
|
145-180 |
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Me~b 1'1 ee CIJJIaBbl, cepe6po, |
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eB HHUOBO-K3ll.M HeBbIe |
- |
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Ph 32-36 %, |
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HaHeceHHoe |
MeTo.n;Ol\I |
B.lKH- |
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Cd 17-18 ~() |
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raHHH |
H3 |
KepaMHKy- |
-- |
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I1pmIOH |
O.flOBHHHO- |
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nCpK |
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ISn 30 %, Pb 63 %, |
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- |
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- |
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225 |
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To JKt |
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ICd 5 %, Ag 2 % |
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CBHHuoBo-cepe6pH- |
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|||
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HO-Ka:lMMeBblf' |
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CIlJL:iB By)~a |
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- |
|
Sn |
12,5 %, |
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- |
|
60,5 |
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|
Pa3JI WlHble, |
cnaflBaeMble |
npH |
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Ph 25 %, |
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oc060 |
HH3KHX TeMI1epaTy- |
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Cd 11,5 %, |
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pax |
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Bi 50 % |
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f1pll110H |
O.IIOB51HHO- |
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Sn 40-55 %, |
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200-250 |
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AJI10MHHHti |
Hero CnJIaBbl |
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Ka,nMHeBO-l.lHH KOBble |
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Cd 20 %, Zn 25 %, |
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(AI 15%) |
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DpmlOH Me,nHO-UHHKO- |
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nMlJ,-36, |
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leu 36-54 %, |
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7,7-8,3 |
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220 |
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825-860 |
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, Me,nb H |
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Cl1JIaBbI, CTaJIb |
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Bhre |
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nMU-54 |
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Zn - |
OCTaJIbHOe |
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ell 26-40 %, |
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flpUIIOH Me,Ll,HO-Cepe- |
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01' |
nCp-25 |
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8,9--9,8 |
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280--350 |
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720-765 |
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Me)~b H ee CfmaBbI; cepeGpo, |
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6p 5lHO'lI,lUIKOEbIe |
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)1.0 |
nCp-70 |
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Ag 25-70 %, |
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DJIanma, BOJIb<ppaM, CTa.rlb |
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Zn 4-35 % |
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-- ' |
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-.-._-- |
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-_.. |
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.... |
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-.to |
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npn STOM npHIIOH AHepepyH,nHpyeT B OCHOBH0I1 MeTaJJJI, OCHOBHOH MeTaJIJI paCTBopHeTCfl B npHnoe, B peayJIbTaTe tlero oopasyeTcH npOMe>KyTOtlHaH npOCJIOHKa, KOTopaH HOCJIe a8CTbIBaHHH coe.n;HH5IeT .n;eTaJIH B O)1.HO u.eJIoe.
flpHnOH IIpHHHTO .lJ,eJlHTb Ha .lJ,Be rpynnbI: Mfl2Kue |
H flUJepOble. |
K MHfKHM OTHOCHTCH |
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npMnOH C TeMnepm'ypOH nJIaBJIeHHH .lJ,O 400°C, a K |
TBep.n;bJM - |
npHnoH |
C TeMnepaTy- |
pOll nJIaBJIeHHH CBbIlile 500 o e. K pOl\'le TeMnepaTypbl |
nJIaBJIeHHH, |
npHnoH |
cymccTBeHHo |
paaJIHtIaIOTC51 H no MeXaHHtIeCKHM cHoikTBaM. MHrKHe IIpHnoH HMeIOT npe,neJI npQllHOCTH npM paCTH>KeHlIH O'p He BblllIe 50-70 Mna, a TBep.lJ,ble - .lJ,0 500 Mna.
THn npHnoH BbloHpaIOT, coo6pa3yHcb C pO,nOM cnaHBaeMblX MeTaJIJIOB HJIH CnJIaBOB, Tpe6yeMoH MeXaHHtIeCKOH npOtIHOCTbIO, KOpp03HOHHOH CTOHKOCTbIO, CTOHMOCTblO H - npH naHKe TOKoBe,nymHx qaCTeH - C y,neJIbHOH 9JIeKTpHtIeCKOH npOBo,nHMOCTbIO npHrroH.
MHrKHMH npHnoHMH B OCHOBHOM HBJIHIOTCH npHIIoH OJIOBHHHD-CBHHllOBble (MapKa noe) C co,nep>KaHHeM OJIOB8 OT 18 % (nOC-18) ,no 90 % (flOC-90). Y,neJIbH8H rrpoBO.ll.HMOCTb 8THX nplInoeB COCTaBJIHeT 9-13 % Y.lJ,eJIbHOH npOBo,llHMOCTH CTaH,UapTIlOH Me,UH, 8 TeMnepaTypHbIH K09<p<pHllHeHT JIHHeHHOro paCIIlHpeHHH at - (26-27)·10 6 K-l.
CYW.eCTBYIOT T8K>Ke MSlrKHe npHl10H C .ll.06aBKaMH aJIlOMHHIUl, cepe6pa. Ew.e OOJIee JIerKOIIJIaBKH npHnOH, B COCTaB KOTOpbIX BXO,nHT BHCMyT H Ka)l,MHH. OHH npHMeHHIOTCH TaM, r.ne Tpe6yeTcSl nOHH>KeHHaSl TeMnepaTypa naHKH; MeX8HHtIeCKaH npOtIHOCTb HX OqeHb He3HatIHTeJIbHa. BHCMyToBble IIpHnOH 06JIa,nalOT 60JIblilOH xpynKoCTblO.
HaHOOJIee pacnpOCTpaHeHHbIe TBep,nble npHnOH - Me,UHD-UHHKOBble (nM11.) H ce-
pe6pHHble (nCp).
0606~eHHble xapaKTepHCTHKH HeKOTopbIX npHnoeB npHBe.neHbl B TaOJI. 7-8.
He OTHOCHllI,HeCH K co6cTBeHHo npHnoHM oc06bIe BH,nbI MeT8JlJIHtIeCKHX MaTepH8JlOB
npHMeHSlIOTcSl B 8JIeKTpoBaKyyMHoH TeXHHKe ,II.JIH BBO,nOB, BnJlaBJI51eMblX B CTeK.TIO M pa60TaIOllI,HX npR cpaBHHTeJlbHO HH3KHX TeMnepaTypax, TaK 4TO HCnOJIb30BaHHe 3.n;eCb oc060 TyrOnJIaBKHX, HO .llopOrHx MeTaJIJIOB (BOJIb<ppaM, MOJIH6,neH, nJIaTHHa) He Tpe6yeTCH. ,UJIH 8THX MaTepHaJIOB OC06yIO Ba)KHOCTb HMeeT TeMnepaTypHbIH K09<p<PHUHeHT JIHHeHHoro pacIIIHpemIH az, KOTOpbIH .llJIH IlOJIyqeHHH BaKyyMnJIOTHOIO BBo,na .llOJI)KeH corJIacoBbIBaTbCH C az CTeKJI8. OTMeTHM KOBap (M8pKa 29HK), npHMeHSIeMbIH .lJ,JISI BnaH B TBepAble CTeKJIa; 9TO CnJIaB npHMepHoro COCTaB8: N i 29 %, Co 18 %, Fe--UCTaJIbHOe; ero p paBHo 0,49 MKOM'M, az COCT8BJIHeT (4-5).10-6 K-l,
nJIaTliHHT npe.n.cT8BJISIeT C060H 6HMeTaJIJIHtIecKyIO npOBOJIOKy C cep.n.eqHHKOM H3
HHKeJIeBoH CTaJIH MapKH |
H42 |
(c cO,II.ep)KaHHeM N i 42-44 % no Macce) |
H |
HapY)KHbJM |
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CJloeM li3 Me,nH M8pKH MO |
(CTp. |
198). Co,nep)KaHHe Me,nH B nJIaTHHHTe - |
OT 25 ,no 30 % |
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06meH |
MaCChI npOBOJIOKH. |
Ha3BaHHe «nJIaTHHHT» 06bSICHHeTCSI TeM, tITO (Xl |
nJI3THHH- |
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TOBOH |
npOBOJIOKH 6JIR30K |
K aZ |
TIJIaTHHbl (CM, Ta6JI. 7-1). |
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cnnlOcbl
3TO BcnOMoraTeJIbHbIe MaTepH8JIbI ,nJIH nOJIytIeHHH Ha.lJ,e)KHOH nallKH. OHH )l,OJIJKHbI:
1)pacTBopHTb H Y.llaJUITb OKCH.llbI H 3arpSI3HeHHH C nOBepxHocTH cnaHB8eMblX MeTaJIJIOB;
2)3allI,HllI,aTb B npou.ecce naHKH nOBepxHocTb MeTaJIJI8, a TaK)Ke paCnJlaBJIeHHbIH npH-
nOll OT OKHCJIeHHH; |
3) YMeHbllIaTb nOBepxHocTHoe HaTH)KeHHe paCnJIaBJIeHHOrO npHrroSI |
Ii CMatIHBaeMOCTb HM coe,nHHSIeMblX nOBepXHOCTeiL |
|
no .neHCTBHIO, |
OKa3hIBaeMOMY H8 MeTaJIJI, nO,llBepralOlll.HHCH naHKe, ¢JIIOCbI ,neJIHTCfI |
Ha HeCKOJIbKO rpynTI.
AKTHBHble RJIH KHCJIOTHbie ~JIIOCbI. OHH npHrOTOBJIHIOTCfI Ha OCHOBe aKTHBHbIX BemeCTB: COJIHHOH KHCJIOTbI, XJIOpHCTbIX H <pTOpHCTbIX coe.lJ,HHeHHH MeT8JIJIOB H T . .n. 3TH Q:>JIIOCbI HHTeHCHBHO paCTBopHIOT OKCH,nHble nJIeHKH Ha nOBepXHOCTH MeTaJIJI3, 6JIarO,II.8pH qeMy 06eCnetIHBaeTCH xopowaH 8,nre3HH, 8 CJIe,nOB8TeJIbHO, Ii BbICOKaH MexaHHtIeCK8SI npOtIHOCTb crraSI. OCTaTOI{ ¢JIIOCa nOCJIe naHKH BbI3bIBaeT HHTeHcHBHyIO KOpp03HIO crraSI H OCHOBHoro MeTaJIJIa. npHMeHfllOTCH 8TH <pJIIOCbl TOJIbKO B TOM CJIytIae, Kor,na B03MO)KHa Tlll,aTeJIbHaH npOMbIBK8 H nOJIHOe y.n.aJIeHHf OCTaTKOB <pJllOca.
npH MOHTa)KHOH naHKe 9JIeKTpop8.llHonpH60pOB npHMeHeHHe aKTHBHbIX <pJIIOCOB
He,nonycTHMO.
6eCKHCJlOTHbie 4JJIIOCbJ. TaK Ha3bIB81OT KaHHCpOJIb H ¢JIIOCbI, npHrOTOBJISIeMbIe Ha
ee OCHOBe c ,no6aBJIeHHeM HeaKTHBHbIX new.eCTB (cnHpT, fJIHU.ePHH).
AKTHBHpOBaHHble ~JIIOCbI. TaI< Ha3bIBCllOT q)JlIOCbI, npHrOTOBJIHeMble Ha OCHOBe KaHH-
<t>OJIH c .ll06aBKoH aKTHBaTopOB - lIe60JIbllIHX KOJIHqeCTB COJISIHOKHCJIOrO HJIH <pOC<pOPHQKHCJIOrO aHHJIHHa, CaJIHUHJIOBOH KHCJIOTbI, COJIHHOKHCJIOrO .lJ,H9THJIaMHH8 H T. n. BbI-
COKaH aKTHBHOCTh HeKOTopbIX aKTHBHpOBaHHbIX <pJIIOCOB n03BOJISIeT npOH3BO)lHTb rraHKy
6e3 npe.lJ,BapHTeJIbHOrO y.u.aJIeHHH |
OKcnAOB TIOCJIe 06e3)KHpHBaHHH. |
8 BoropoAH11,KHA H. n. HAp. |
225 |