Ibn Sina

The most prominent philosopher of Central Asia and Iran in the Middle Ages, was a native of Bukhara, a Tajik descent, Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (c. 980-1037). He wrote more than 300 works, including such well-known as the "Book of Healing" and "Book of Knowledge".

Analysis of Ibn Sina shows an unusually wide range of his interests, his truly encyclopedic erudition. He proposed a classification of sciences through their division of the objects of the study. Ibn Sina has put forward the proposition that the nature of the original and indestructible, that its laws do not change arbitrarily and accessible to human knowledge that the soul is caused by the activity of the body and its individual immortality is impossible.

Ibn Sina is not without reason called the "philosophy of being", as the most original part of his philosophy is the doctrine of being. He sees two kinds of being - is necessary and possible-being-being of Being. Being necessary-being - is an immutable being - the spiritual essence. It is "pure", "good", "pure truth" and "pure reason." It should be recalled-being "Single" (Welcome) Plato and Plotinus and "prime mover" of Aristotle. Perhaps-being - that is the nature, the material world in all its diversity and variation.

Between necessary and possible-Jehovah-That Is there constant communication: this is the relationship of spirit and nature. Once the spirit is eternal, and it is inextricably linked with nature, and nature is eternal. Thus, the philosophy of Ibn Sina is an objective idealist. However, Ibn Sina-existence is not necessary to create the world, and enamelled (Late emanatio - outflow) it (as in the Al-Farabi). In other words, all the things of the present world as it will expire (based on) from the beginning of the One. The interesting thing is that emanation as it is Ibn Sina, he guessed the nature of self-evolution. It examines the emergence of the world of minerals and its transition to the world of plants, and then to the animal world, and from it - to the world of intelligent beings.

Valuable for historical and philosophical thought is the theory of knowledge of Ibn Sina. She had a strong natural-scientific basis and was materialistic in their basic provisions. Ibn Sina did not doubt the objective existence of objects of knowledge, but knowledge itself seen as a reflection of the image of things in these senses and the mind of the knower. However, Ibn Sina paid tribute to his time, arguing that knowledge - a union of the soul with the activities of the mind, which depicted images of all the phenomena of the world.

The works of Ibn Sina analyzes such important epistemological problems, such as direct and indirect knowledge, true knowledge, the role of intuition in cognition.

Much attention is paid to the development of a philosopher of logic problems. It defines logic as the science of the laws and forms of thought, which are extracted from the nature of thought itself is indifferent to its specific content. Logic - the science of truth, which studies the forms of judgment and process the evidence. It should be noted that the philosophical and scientific work of Ibn Sina proved an important link a single cultural tradition of mankind. Ibn Sina has stimulated further development of not only the East, but also Western culture and science. Suffice it to say that his "Canon of Medicine" for as many as six centuries served as a training tool dlyamedikov Europe, where it is perceived as a kind of medical Bible. World renown also received his medical poem written in Arabic poetry. This, in essence, a miniature "Canon of Medicine". The ideas of Ibn Sina about selfless service Beautiful Lady, set them in "Treatise on the Love", became the basis of the poetry of the troubadours, minnesingers, and at the end of the European Middle Ages gave rise to the concept of love dantevskuyu. Not by chance Dante mentions the name of Avicenna (Ibn Sina), among the greatest thinkers of all time.

In the understanding of the subject of metaphysics, Ibn Sina followed Aristotle. Following al-Farabi, Ibn Sina distinguishes the possible things that exists thanks to the other, and absolutely necessary things, thanks to the existing currently. Ibn Sina claims co-eternal Creator of the world. Creation to Eternity Ibn Sina explained using the concept of Neoplatonic emanation, thus justifying a logical progression from the original single to the multiplicity of the created world. However, in contrast to the neo-Platonism, he limited the process of emanation of the world of the celestial spheres, considering the matter, the end result is not as common descent, but as a necessary element of any eventual existence. Space is divided into three worlds: the material world, the world of eternal uncreated forms and earthly world in all its diversity. The individual soul with the body forms a single substance, the resurrection ensures the integrity of the person; bearer of philosophical thinking in favor specific body predisposed to accept the rational soul. Absolute truth can be grasped by means of the intuitive vision that appears culmination of a process of thinking.

By circle of mystical works of Ibn Sina are "The Book of Birds", "Book of Love", "The book is about the essence of prayer", "book about the meaning of the pilgrimage," "The Book of getting rid of the fear of death," "The Book of predestination."