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_____ activities check the correctness of the product; _____ activities check that the software meets all behavioral specifications.

Verification, validation

_____ is the process of breaking the product into _____, which are self-contained pieces of code that interact with other _____.

Modular decomposition, modules, modules

A back-end CASE tool (lowerCASE tool) is one that assists with which phases of software development?

Implementation, integration, and maintenance

A complete and detailed description of the functionality available in a software product is found in the

User reference manual

A configuration-control tool is used to

specify which versions and which variations of each component are required for a complete product

A front-end CASE tool (upperCASE tool) is one that assists with which phases of software development?

Requirements, specification, and design

A good architectural design of a software system promotes which of the following?

I and III only

A module that either returns the information requested or returns appropriate hard-coded values for given input is called a stub

A program that helps the user construct data-flow diagrams is an example of which of the following?

I and II only

A single CASE tool assists in how many aspects of software production?

Just one

A software fault that occurs rarely, has low user productivity impact, and is expensive to fix should be given low priority but eventually be fixed

A software-versioning tool helps an organization manage which of the following?

I and II only

A thorough documentation process emphasizes that

I and II only

A way of minimizing the impact of a software fault that is too expensive or time consuming to fix is to use a workaround

Acceptance testing can be performed by which of the following?

I, II, and III

Adaptive maintenance occurs in response to which of the following?

Changes in the client's computing facilities and environment

Advantages of structural testing include which of the following?

II only

After a product has undergone changes during maintenance, the process of testing that the changes have not negatively impacted other functionality is called regression testing

An online interface checker is an example of a coding tool

An open modular architecture for software is a requirement of the incremental model

Application frameworks and code frameworks are ways of reusing design

Assembly languages are also called _____ and they_____. second-generation languages, reflect the architecture of the processor

Baselines and access control systems are used for what purpose?

To keep programmers from changing the same module(s) simultaneously

Black-box testing techniques are so named because testing is performed without examining any code

Black-box testing techniques include which of the following?

I and III only

Branch coverage testing consists of ensuring that

each branch in the code has been executed at least once

By assigning less skilled programmers to maintenance, management is perpetuating the bad reputation of maintenance programming

CASE tools can help in which of the following aspects of software production?

I, II, and III

CASE tools can help the documentation process for a software product in which of the following ways?

I, II, and III

CASE tools that are particularly useful in the maintenance phase include which of the following?

II and III only

Coding tools include which of the following?

I, II, and III

Consider implementing an algorithm for division and testing code with the values 2, 1, 0, -1, and -2. Which of the following techniques is (are) being applied?

II and III only

Constants should be used

for values that will never change

Criteria used for prioritizing software faults include which of the following?

I, II, and III

Deliberate reuse is better than any other kind of reuse because components are likely to be which of the following?

I, II, and III

Documentation in a module should be placed in which of the following places?

I and III only

Documentation of testing should be produced in which of the following phases of software development?

I, II, and III

Drawbacks of fourth-generation languages (4GLs) include which of the following?

II only

During a design review, which of the following issues concerning the detailed design is (are) considered?

I, II, and III

During code inspection of several modules for a software project, an inspection of other modules is warranted when a significant number of faults of a particular type are found while inspecting more than one of the modules

During product testing, which of the following techniques should be used to verify that the product satisfies its output specifications?

II only

For a software development project, a good way of making sure that the client's needs are met is to use the rapid prototyping model

For a software development project, what does it mean for specifications to be traceable?

Every statement in the specifications document is linked to a statement in the requirements document.

For a software development project, where should documentation for module interfaces and the dataflow among modules appear?

With general documentation for the system

For a software development project, who participates in design phase testing?

The developer's SQA group and the design team

For software development, which of the following indicates the order in which three kinds of integration testing should be carried out?

Integration testing, product testing, acceptance testing

Frequent integration testing is a feature of the synchronize-and-stabilize model

Glass-box testing includes which of the following?

I, II, and III

How should nonrepeatable faults that occur sporadically be handled?

They should be reported even without test data.

If a decision by a programmer results in a violation of coding standards, the programmer should check with the manager to determine whether the code can stand as is

If a programmer violates coding standards, the manager should

respond in a way that balances the benefit of the standards with the burden they put on the programmer

If the software product is replacing an existing product, the new product should be

run in parallel with the existing product until the client is satisfied that the new product is satisfactory

Impediments to functional testing of even a moderate size program include which of the following?

II and III only

Impediments to structural testing in even a moderate size program include which of the following?

I and II

Improvements in which of the following occur(s) when modularity of code is used instead of a single equivalent block of code?

I, II, and III

In a software development context, tool integration means that all tools communicate via the same data format

In a software development project, acceptance testing is performed by the client on the client's hardware with actual data

In a software development project, it is important to keep track of the rationale underlying design decisions for which of the following reasons?

I and III only

In a software testing activity, a driver refers to which of the following?

A module that has yet to be coded but passes the appropriate values to the module being tested.

In choosing a language for the final product, which of the following factors should be considered? I.Whether the language supports coincidental cohesionII.Whether the language supports informational cohesionIII.Whether the language is object-oriented

II and III only

In choosing a language for the final product, which of the following factors should be considered? I.The client's experience with, and tools for, the languageII.The language's suitability for the applicationIII.The costs, benefits, and risks of using the language

I, II, and III

In contract software, the issues that might limit reuse of code include which of the following?

I and II

In data-oriented design, the architecture of the system is based on which of the following?

II only

In general, a maintenance release for a software product should include only one type of maintenance per release

In general, reliability testing of a software product checks which of the following?

I and II only

In most situations, the language(s) used for rapid prototyping and final product development should be different languages

In nonexecution-based testing of software, an important product of the inspections process is the number of faults found, ranked by severity

In nonexecution-based testing of software, code inspection is a formal process that consists of five steps: overview, preparation, inspection, rework, follow-up

In nonexecution-based testing of software, the inspections team consists of

three to six people, including representatives from the current and future phases

In nonexecution-based testing of software, the inspections team includes which of the following roles?

I and III only

In object-oriented systems

small self-contained objects facilitate reuse, but other problems complicate it

In responsibility-driven programming

the called module checks input to ensure that it has not been called with inappropriate input

In software development, product testing includes performance testing, _____, _____, and documentation testing robustness testing, installation testing

In software development, what is integration testing?

Testing whether the software modules interface correctly together

In software development, which of the following testing approaches are used in integration testing?

I, II, and III

In statement coverage, which of the following is true?

Each statement in the code has been executed at least once.

In the Cleanroom technique, execution-based testing is used only after nonexecution-based testing

In the context of software development, a correctness proof is

a mathematical proof that some code satisfies its specifications

In which of the following places should the interface to a module be documented?

III only

Inheritance in object-oriented systems makes maintenance harder because definitions may be spread out all over the code

Installation testing is performed during which of the following kinds of testing?

II only

Installation testing of a software product checks to verify that it works with the client's other software

Installer/administrator documentation for a software product includes instructions about which of the following?

I and III only

Instructions for both the installation of the product and procedures for initialization are included in which of the following?

Installer/administrator documentation

Issues that arise with testing object-oriented code include which of the following?

I and III only

It is possible to reuse components from _____ phases of the software process, but _____ reuse is most common. all, module

It may be worth redesigning and recoding a module from scratch under which of the following conditions?

Many more faults are found in that module than in any other module.

Maintenance activities that remove residual faults in the software product are called corrective maintenance

Maintenance is normally required in almost all software products

Management integration refers to a CASE environment that supports which of the following?

I only

Measures of reliability of a software product include which of the following?

I and III only

Nested if statements can be simplified by using Boolean combinations

Nonexecution-based testing techniques can be applied to which of the following?

I, II, and III

Object-oriented design techniques include which of the following kind(s) of diagrams?

I and III only

Of the following coding style practices, which best facilitates future maintenance?

Making variable names meaningful to persons other than the code's author

Of the following software life-cycle models, which has the most danger of not meeting the client's requirements?

The waterfall model

One life-cycle model that incorporates features of all other models is the model

Other names for black-box testing techniques include which of the following?

I, II, and III

Other names for glass-box testing techniques include which of the following?

I, II, and III

Problem reporting systems can help manage the workflow of software maintenance by which of the following?

I and II only

Product testing for contract software includes which of the following?

I and II only

Product testing for contract software should include which of the following?

I, II, and III

Programming-in-the-large refers to which of the following?

Software development at the module level, including architectural design

Programming-in-the-many refers to which of the following?

Software production by a team, either at the module level or at the code level

Programming-in-the-small refers to which of the following?

Coding at the level of the code of a single module

Regression testing for a software development project is testing to determine whether

a component that was unchanged during changes to other components still performs correctly

Reliability analysis is based on which of the following ideas?

II only

Reliability analysis is used for which of the following purposes?

It is used to help determine how long to test in order to guarantee that the product's fault rate satisfies specification.

Responsibility-driven programming is better than defensive programming for which of the following reasons?

II only

Restructuring is the process of

improving the product without changing its functionality

Reusing an application framework usually means reusing control logic instead of specific code routines

Software maintenance is difficult for which of the following reasons?

It incorporates aspects of all other phases of development.

Structural testing is _____ and structured testing is _____. glass-box testing, black-box testing

Testing each procedure or function in a module is called functional testing

The architectural design document for a software development project contains a description of the modules in the system, their interface, and the data and control flow among them

The architectural design of a software system is used during which of the following phases of software construction?

II and III only

The basic idea behind the use of complexity metrics is that

the more complex a module is, the more likely it is to contain faults

The best time to develop a correctness proof is while the code is being written

The code walkthrough team should include representatives of which of the following?

I, II, and III

The decisions that management will have to make regarding testing include which of the following?

I, II, and III

The disadvantages of nonexecution-based techniques include which of the following?

II and III only

The documentation that must be prepared before delivering a software product to a client includes which of the following?

I and II only

The fragile-class problem comes about because of which of the following?

III only

The ideal order for module testing and integration testing is given by which of the following?

They should be done together.

The languages Fortran, Pascal, COBOL, and C++ are examples of which generation of programming languages? third

The life-cycle model that supports both iteration within phases and parallelism between phases is the

O-O model

The main criterion for choosing a language for rapid prototyping should be how quickly development can be accomplished with that language

The manager of the SQA group should run integration testing because

I, II, and III

The metrics that are useful during the maintenance phase of software development include which of the following?

I and II

The modules of a system with an optimal modular design have high cohesion and low coupling

The primary difference between code inspections and code walkthroughs is that inspections are more formal and have more steps

The primary purpose of careful code layout is to improve readability

The primary qualities tested during acceptance testing are robustness and which of the following?

Correctness, performance, and documentation

The primary use of complexity metrics is to determine which modules need attention

The reasons for documenting software development as early and completely as possible include which of the following?

I, II, and III

The results of applying the Cleanroom technique have been

encouraging: the resulting code has had very few faults per KLOC or has been fault free

The robustness of a product is tested by presenting it with illegal output

The strategies of top-down, bottom-up, and sandwich integration are suited to both object-oriented and non-object-oriented systems

The testing fault rate used in the Cleanroom technique computes the number of faults detected per thousand lines of code during the execution-based testing that follows nonexecution-based testing

The time limit on an effective walkthrough or code-review session is two hours

The ultimate responsibility for verifying the correctness of modules rests with the developer's SQA group

The validation measure concerned with the extent to which the product meets the customer's needs is called utility testing

There is no documentation activity in which of the following phases of the software life cycle?

III only

To make the process of developing and maintaining documentation for a software product as efficient as possible, the developer's organization should use which of the following?

I and III only

Two properties of object-oriented software that make it easier to maintain are encapsulation and information hiding

Typically, the bulk of the time spent in software maintenance is for which of the following kinds?

II only

Under which of the following conditions are two modules said to be data-coupled?

I and II only

Use of which of the following can be considered forms of code reuse?

II and III only

Useful metrics for tracking fault reports include which of the following?

I, II, and III

User interface integration usually refers to an environment that

provides tools having the same visual appearance and functional interface

User training materials should cover which of the following?

All major functionalities of the system with a gradual introduction of detail

Utility of a software product includes which of the following?

I, II, and III

What are the contents of the detailed design document for a software development project?

A description of the data structures and algorithms for each module

What is the most important reason for producing documentation for program code for a software product?

The people who maintain the code need documentation to understand it.

What possible types of testing might be needed as a result of changes made in the maintenance phase of the software life cycle?

I, II, and III

When and where is contract software validation performed?

It is performed during product testing at the developer's site.

When code is confusing, it should be rewritten

When the only documentation available for a software code is the code itself, the process of reconstructing the design and specifications is called reverse engineering

Which of the following activities are typically used to elicit requirements for a software project from a client?

I, II, and III

Which of the following activities may be performed during maintenance?

I, II, and III

Which of the following are advantages of bottom-up integration?

II and III only

Which of the following are advantages of sandwich integration?

I, II, and III

Which of the following are advantages of top-down integration testing of software?

I and III only

Which of the following are coding tools?

II and III only

Which of the following are disadvantages of bottom-up integration?

II only

Which of the following are disadvantages of top-down integration testing of software?

I only

Which of the following are goals of the requirements phase of the software development cycle?

I and III only

Which of the following are measures of code complexity?

I, II, and III

Which of the following are part of the system design phase of software development?

I, II, and III

Which of the following are possible documents that could be included in the maintainer's documentation?

II and III only

Which of the following are produced during the implementation phase of software development?

I, II, and III

Which of the following are reasons why polymorphism and dynamic binding make object-oriented software more difficult to understand?

I only

Which of the following are true of one-of-a-kind software product development?

I only

Which of the following are types of maintenance?

I and III only

Which of the following are updated after enhancements have been added to a software product?

I, II, and III

Which of the following are valid approaches when creating training materials for the first-time or novice end users of a software product?

II and III only

Which of the following artifacts serve as documentation for the analysis and specification phase?

II and III only

Which of the following belong in the specification document for a software project?

I and II only

Which of the following changes are typically carried out during the maintenance phase of the software life cycle?

I, II, and III

Which of the following characterizes the binary machine code instructions processed by computers?

A first-generation language

Which of the following defines traceability of the design document?

Each design choice, except choices of low-level detail, must be linked to statements in the specifications document, and each statement in the specification document must be reflected in some aspect of the design

Which of the following factors contribute to limiting software reuse?

II and III only

Which of the following indicates the order in which four of the phases in the software life cycle should be carried out?

Requirements, specifications, design, and implementation

Which of the following is (are) among the possible contents of the user quick reference for a software product?

I, II, and III

Which of the following is (are) considered a validation activity?

I only

Which of the following is (are) considered a verification activity?

I and II only

Which of the following is (are) part of inline documentation?

I and III only

Which of the following is (are) true about a build tool for software development?

I and III only

Which of the following is (are) true about a product when it is undergoing updates during maintenance?

I and II only

Which of the following is (are) true about documentation standards?

I and II only

Which of the following is (are) true about documentation standards for software products?

I and II only

Which of the following is (are) true about perfective maintenance of a software product?

I only

Which of the following is (are) true about specific classes in the Java class hierarchy that derive their code from classes higher up in the hierarchy?

I, II, and III

Which of the following is (are) true about the technique known as all-definition-use path coverage?

I only

Which of the following is (are) true in a module with high cohesion?

I and II only

Which of the following is (are) true in a module with informational cohesion?

I, II, and III

Which of the following is (are) true in a module with low cohesion?

II and III only

Which of the following is (are) true of maintaining uniformity in documentation for a software product?

II and III only

Which of the following is (are) true of maintenance of a software product?

I, II, and III

Which of the following is (are) true of modules that perform the characteristic functions of a software product?

I and II only

Which of the following is an important trade-off that must be kept in mind during the design phase of software development?

Generality vs. complexity

Which of the following is not a part of the software project management plan?

Rapid prototyping

Which of the following is the term for reuse of code made possible because someone realized that the code of a previously developed component could be reused?

Acidental reuse

Which of the following is true about coding style guidelines?

They are language specific.

Which of the following is true about defensive programming?

The calling module checks input to the called module to ensure that the input is appropriate.

Which of the following is true about maintenance for object-oriented software?

It has its own challenges, even though it is easier in some ways than maintenance for non-object-oriented software.

Which of the following is true about object-oriented design?

Equal emphasis is given to the structure of the data and the actions operating on the data

Which of the following is true about self-documenting code?

It exists but is extremely rare.

Which of the following is true in top-down integration testing of software?

Logic modules are coded and tested first with lower modules as stubs.

Which of the following is true of a logic module?

I and III only

Which of the following is true of a specification document for a software project?

It is a contract between the client and the developer.

Which of the following is true of alpha and beta testing of a shrink-wrapped software product?

Both occur at potential future customers' sites

Which of the following is true of maintenance in software development?

It is an integral part of the software process

Which of the following is true of nonexecution-based techniques?

They can find most faults in the design and implementation phases.

Which of the following is true of the requirements document for a software project?

It is a basis for the specification document.

Which of the following is true when a sandwich integration strategy is applied to integration testing?

I and II only

Which of the following is true when an inspection finds that 5 percent or more of a module must be reworked?

The inspection team must reinspect the module fully after it has been reworked.

Which of the following is true when bottom-up integration is used?

Operations modules are coded and tested first with higher modules as drivers.

Which of the following kinds of changes to a software product characterizes maintenance of the product?

Changes made after it has passed the acceptance test

Which of the following kinds of documentation should be produced as part of the implementation phase of software development?

II and III only

Which of the following kinds of integration is associated with an environment that supports a specific software process?

Process integration

Which of the following participate in a formal review of the specifications document for a software project?

I, II, and III

Which of the following problems afflict hard-and-fast coding standards?

II and III

Which of the following ranks three structural testing techniques from weakest to strongest?

Statement coverage, branch coverage, path coverage

Which of the following should be avoided in a specification document for a software project?

I and III only

Which of the following should be present in a module prologue?

I, II, and III

Which of the following statements are true of problem identification?

I only

Which of the following statements is (are) applicable to a situation where the client keeps wanting changes made after the product is delivered?

I, II, and III

Which of the following statements is (are) true of correctness proofs?

II only

Which of the following statements is (are) true of testing techniques?

I and II only

Which of the following statements is (are) true of third generation languages?

I and II only

Which of the following steps is (are) typically performed in a code walkthrough?

I and II only

Which of the following techniques create fault statistics?

I, II, and II

Which of the following typically occur(s) during a code walkthrough?

II and III only

Which of the following typically takes the responsibility of emphasizing the priority of allocating proper resources to the documentation of a software product?

The developer

Who is most likely to make changes to the software product during maintenance?

The developer

Who should be involved in requirements testing for a software project?

The developer's SQA group, the client, and the user