English_for_Police_Officers
.pdfcompanied by a colleague. If the criminal has escaped, inquiries are at once made of the occupants or the house and of pеrsons in the neighbourhood in order to obtain, if possible, a description of the criminals and of any vehicle used by them. Investigators sometimes find that the criminals are still in the locality of the scene of the crime. When this is so a chase is indicated. If no criminal has been seen near the locality, the next step is to make an exhaustive search of the premises.
The first thing to ascertain is the mode of entry. The door may have been forced with a jemmy, a screw-driver or some other instruments. Bodily pressure maу have been used by the thief or he may have knocked out a pane of glass in the door, inserted his hand and tamed the lock or again he may have forced open a window in the front or rear of the house; or climbed up a stack pipe or ladder.
After this the next thing to be observed is the method of exit, whether by the front door, by unlocking a back door or by an open window, and so on. One detective usually deals with the premises, while another makes a thorough search of the garden and approach roads. The rooms visited by the thief are examined carefully for fingerprints and footmarks. These are carefully preserved for the photographer and copies are taken. Burglars and housebreakers sometimes leave their teeth marks on cheese, apples, and chocolate. The preservation of such articles is important. In the police laboratory the scientist will be able to take a cast.
An exhaustive search is made to find the instrument used to break into the premises. Thieves frequently discard instruments. Investigators also find such clues as coats, hats, caps, and other personal belongings left on the scene of the crime. Criminals sometimes dress themselves on the premises in the tenant's clothing, leaving their own clothes behind.
The detective now takes a full description of the property stolen. The officer who examines the method of approach and escape of the criminal must explore very thoroughly to find the smallest clue.
A minute examination is made for evidence of contact by the criminal. During his excitement or hurry he often leaves fibers of his clothing on some places, in fact it is almost impossible for him to avoid leaving some clue or trace. Every contact leaves traces. Thus the housebreaker will leave footprints on the ground; he will proba-
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bly throw away part of a cigarette or a match, a packet or a newspaper from which fingerprints can easily be reproduced - all small clues of the highest importance. On the other hand, the contacts made by the offender will leave their traces on him. When he walks the soles of his boots will in damp weather retain earth, sand.
The detective, having established the route taken by the criminal, will select samples of different materials on that route. And when the criminal is arrested, the clothing and boots he is wearing, and those at his home, will be examined for traces of material, cigarettes and matches of the type already obtained as exhibits.
Active words
neighborhood, escape, (v,n), to obtain, description, vehicle, chase (n,v), exhaustive, to ascertain, entry, exit, to approach, to knock out, lock (v,n), teeth marks, to explore, to avoid, rout (n,v), housebreaking, burglar, housebreaker, to preserve, to take a cast.
II. Read and translate the words, paying attention to affixes and conversion.
to burglarise – burglary – burglar – housebreaking – house breaker; to explore – exploration – explorer; to inspect – inspection – inspector, to select – selection – selective; to reproduce – reproduction
– reproductive, to examine – examination – examiner; to detect – detective – detection; to indicate – indicator – indication, to lock – to unlock.
III. Read and translate the groups of words.
to make inquiries; to examine the premises; to force a door open; to make an exhaustive search; to examine the rooms carefully; to catch a thief; the method of approach and escape of the criminal, to leave some clue or trace, blood stains; to find important clues; to reproduce fingerprints; to obtain a description of a criminal, approach roads; to discard instruments; to find the smallest clue.
IV. Answer the questions.
1. Where does a detective go when information is got that a
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house, shop or warehouse has been entered by thieves?
2.Why does a detective make inquiry of the occupants of the house and of persons in the neighbourhood?
3.What do police officers do if they find that the criminals are still in the locality of the crime scene?
4.Why is the next step by the detective to make an exhaustive search of the premises?
5.What are the usual modes of entry used by criminals?
6.What is the next thing to be observed when the mode of entry is ascertained?
7.Where may burglars and housebreakers leave their fingerprints, footmarks, and teeth marks?
8.Does the detective take a description of the property stolen?
9.What is a minute examination made for?
10.Does the housebreaker leave clues and traces?
V. Read and translate following sentences. Find the true sentences. Correct the false ones.
1.When information is got that, a house, shop or warehouse has been broken into, a detective immediately visits the scene usually alone.
2.If the criminal is in the locality of the crime scene the chase is indicated.
3.If no criminal is found near the locality the next step is to take a full description of the property stolen.
4.The first thing to be observed is the method of exit and the next thing to ascertain is the mode of entry.
5.The majority of criminals avoid leaving some clue or trace.
8.One detective usually deals with the premises, while another makes a thorough search of the garden and approach roads.
7.A housebreaker may enter the house only through an open window.
8.A minute examination is made to find the instruments used to break into the premises.
9.It is necessary for a detective to take a full description of the property stolen.
10.Important clues may be found only inside the house.
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VI. Read and translate the following sentences, paying attention to the words in bold.
1.The man was found guilty of having broken into the shop
2.A murder inquiry may last for months before the offender is arrested.
3.Housebreaking, shop breaking and similar crimes occupy a great deal of the time of Criminal Investigation Department officers.
4.Very few criminals are caught in the act of committing burglary and housebreaking because they take precaution.
5.The burglar broke and entered the house with the intention of committing a felony; after committing the crime he escaped.
6.The detective may not always need the aid of a scientist but the latter should always be called in difficult and doubtful cases to explore the crime scene and its neighbourhood.
7.In many cases the scientists give the investigators a definite line upon which to base their inquiries.
8.The modes of criminals' entry and exit vary, some housebreakers use a jemmy on the front door; others avoid carrying such an instrument in case they are arrested and charged with being in possession of housebreaking instruments.
9.They may force doors open by bodily pressure, other breakers choose houses with glass panels, knock out the glass, insert a hand and turn the lock.
VII. Read and translate the sentences, paying attention to the modality.
1.Не conducted the investigation more skilfully than any one else could have done it.
2.You should have interrogated the suspect as soon as he was apprehended.
3.The offender may have used a car to escape from the crime
scene.
4.The investigator should have placed the value on that clue.
5.The police must have failed to prove the guilt of the suspect and that's why he was set free.
6.The burglar may have entered the house by unlocking a back
door.
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7.The police officer should have searched the prisoner at the moment of arrest in order to disarm him.
8.The thief could not have escaped from the crime scene; he is likely to be still in the locality of the scene.
9.The burglar must have left some impressions. Let's make an exhaustive search of the premises.
VIII. Read and translate the sentences, paying attention to the Infinitive and its functions.
1.In order to realise the value of physical evidence, it must be cared for according to science and law.
2.The ability to find and collect valuable physical evidence is expected to be supported by knowledge of the correct procedure in caring for evidence.
3.It is the responsibility of the investigator to provide that the evidence is properly protected.
4.Measures are known to have been taken to prevent evidence from destruction and theft.
6.All unauthorised persons are expected to be excluded from a crime scene to prevent their handling or stepping on the objects or evidence.
6.At the crime scene the evidence is supposed to be placed in containers or envelopes to hold it safely until it reaches the office.
7.In criminal trials it is the duty of the jury to decide the questions of guilt or innocence.
8.If the person to be arrested is suspected of having committed a heinous crime, the investigator may use all necessary means to arrest him.
9.All measures were taken to receive the necessary information.
IX. Read and render the text without a dictionary.
CRIME PREVENTION
It is the duty of the police officers not only to trace criminals after they committed crimes but also to do their best to prevent crime. In this connection police must consider suspected persons, remembering that a great deal of crime has been prevented by the timely
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arrest of suspects. Here are some examples illustrating this point. Information was received at a police station that a number of criminals driving a vehicle intended to commit a serious crime on the railway. The criminals were arrested before they could carry out their project, charged and convicted as suspected persons loitering. They received a short term of imprisonment, during which the police ascertained that the vehicle they had been driving was stolen. Then followed inquiries. They occupied the police for nearly six months. The police had discovered a gang of motor thieves. Several visits were made to the provinces, where the stolen cars, considerably altered and disguised, had been sold. Thirty cars and vans were identified by their owners.
On another occasion the police officers ascertained that three men intended to commit a crime the nature of which was then unknown and to use a car to escape from the scene. The officers kept observation, but were seen then by the criminals who drove rapidly away. They later left the car, which proved to be stolen and for a time escaped. All three were arrested later. It was then discovered that their aim was robbery.
One evening the officers patrolling a district apprehended two suspiciously looking men loitering near a dwelling house. They were in possession of a jemmy, and inquiries showed them to be clever housebreakers with long lists or convictions.
X. Read and render the text. You are allowed to use a dictionary.
A CASE REPORT
Several years ago a housebreaker entered a house through an open window. While he was climbing up the dust from the wall adhered to the sole of his left shoe. When the man made his first step into the room a clear impression of the sole of his shoe was left on the floorboards. Certain property was stolen. The thief was later arrested, but he did not admit having broken into the house until he heard about the evidence of the footprints found, which were identical with the shoe he was wearing when he was apprehended. The sentence of three years penal servitude was passed.
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XI. Read and translate the text. Use a dictionary.
THE VALUE OF EVIDENCE
Not far from London CID officers had been troubled by a housebreaker whose identity was unknown. While examining a house which had been broken into, the police officer picked up a piece of a match-box. He put it into his pocket but did not place any great value on the clue. Later he detained on suspicion a stranger who had failed to give a satisfactory account of himself. While searching the suspect, the police found a match-box in his pocket. A piece of it was missing and the torn piece, which was discovered at the house, obviously, came from that particular box, as it fitted exactly. This piece was probably torn away by the accused in his haste to strike matches. This matchbox proved most useful as evidence and the accused was convicted.
Lesson 9
Text: Larceny
Grammar: Verbals.
I. Read and translate the sentences, paying attention to the translation of Verbals.
1.As a witness may later refuse to give testimony, the interview or interrogation should be recorded and then the information may be used as evidence.
2.Sometimes circumstantial evidence alone is not sufficient to obtain conviction; in some crimes, such as robbery or assault the eyewitness testimony may provide all of the elements.
3.It may be difficult for the interrogator to detect the weak points in the subject's statement.
4.An interview is questioning a person who is believed to possess knowledge that is of an official interest to the investigator.
5.A witness may be a victim, a complainant, an accuser, a source of information, an observer of an occurrence, a scientific specialist examining physical evidence.
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6.The investigator interrogates each suspect and interviews those who may have observed persons approaching the area containing the property at unusual times.
7.On first meeting the subject the interrogator should show his credentials and inform the subject of his identity.
II.Read and translate the text.
DETECTING A LARCENY
A person, who wrongfully takes, obtains or withholds from the possession of the true owner or any other person any money, personal property, or article of value of any kind is guilty of larceny if he intends to permanently deprive or defraud another person of the use of the property. If the intent is simply to temporarily deprive another person of the use, the offence is sometimes called wrongful appropriation.
The elements of larceny and the points of proof which must be established by the investigator are the following:
–that the accused wrongfully took, obtained or withheld the property described in the specification;
–the ownership of the property, i.e. such property belonged to a certain person named or described;
–the value of the property;
–the intent to deprive.
As a general basis of the procedure the investigator will find it worthwhile to record the following data at the initial stages of the inquiry.
1.Date and hour of the theft if this is unknown, the period between the time when the stolen object was last seen and the discovery of the theft should be established.
2.A complete list and description of the missing property.
3.The location of the property immediately prior to the larceny; other places in which the property had been previously located; places searched for the property.
4.Reason for placing the property in the location described.
5.Identity of the person who first discovered the loss. How did it come to his attention? Was he the logical person to make the dis-
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covery? .
6.A list of persons who knew the location of the property.
7.A list of persons who knew of the existence of the property.
8.A list of persons who had access to the property.
9.List of absentees in commercial establishments.
10.Ownership of the property; true owner, person having possession at the time of theft, person responsible for the property.
11.Suspects named by the owner or others. Reasons for their suspicions.
12.Reconstruction of the larceny, modus operandi of the thief; means of access; selection of time, methods of concealing the larceny.
13.Interrogation of each suspect: activities prior and subsequent to the larceny; time at which he last saw the property, persons who can verify his alibi, financial circumstances; relations with the owner etc.
14.Physical evidence such as latent fingerprints, shoe prints, articles of clothing or similar traces left at the scene.
Active words
wrong (n,a), prior, loss, exhibit(v,n), withhold, to deprive, to defraud, to appropriate, missing property, suspicion, subsequent, access, complaint, pretense, to conceal.
III. Read and translate the words, paying attention to affixes and conversion.
reason reasonable reasonably, оwn (v,а) owner ownership; response responsible responsibility; construct (v) reconstruct reconstructive; wrong wrongful wrongfully; temporary temporarily; accuse accused accusation; depend dependent dependence independent independence; suspect – to suspect; logic logical logically.
IV. Answer the questions
1.When is a person guilty of larceny?
2.What is wrongful appropriation?
3.What should the investigator inquire into concerning the missing property?
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4.What are the points of proof, which must be established by the investigator?
5.What should the investigator inquire into concerning the persons who had access to the property?
V. Read and translate the sentences. Find the true sentences. Correct the false ones.
1.A person who wrongfully takes, obtains, or withholds any money, personal property or any article of value is guilty of larceny if he intends to temporarily deprive other person of the use of the property.
2.The investigator should establish the value of the property, the intent to deprive.
3.Date and time of the theft should be recorded by the investiga-
tor.
4.The investigator must identify the person who first discovered the loss.
5.Recording data of physical evidence such as latent fingerprints, shoe prints, articles of clothing or similar traces left at the scene is worthwhile at the final stages of the inquiry.
VI. Read and translate the sentences, paying attention to the translation of the Participles and the words in bold.
1.Tracing a missing person, the investigator should telephone the home of the missing person, his friends and relations, and make inquires.
2.When arresting a sleeping subject the investigator must be alert as the subject may have a weapon concealed.
3.While interviewing a witness and suspecting him or her of lying or withholding information, the investigator may interrogate this witness.
4.One of the characteristics of modern criminal investigation is extensive use of recording devices, and the recorded information is estimated as the best evidence of an interview.
5.Certain interview placed subsequent to others may be more useful than that conducted prior.
6.The investigator should refer to all exhibits supporting details.
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