Функції герундія в реченні

1. Підмет (Subject) Drawing is his hobby.	Малювання – його хобі.
2. Частина присудка (Part of the Predicate) My favourite occupation is reading.	Моє улюблене заняття – читати.
3. Додаток (Object) I don’t like getting up early. He insisted on adopting the new plan.	Я не люблю прокидатись рано. Він наполягав на прийнятті нового плану.
4. Означення (Attribute) He never missed an opportunity of listening to this singer.	Він ніколи не уникав можливості послухати цього співака.
5. Обставина (Adverbial Modifier) The hall was used for dancing. In spite of being tired we continued our way. It is impossible to know English well without reading books in the original.	Зал використовувався для танців. Незважаючи на втому, ми продовжували свій шлях. Неможливо добре знати англійську мову, не читаючи книг в оригіналі.

Запам’ятайте! Герундій вживається після деяких дієслів, словосполучень та складених прийменників:

Would you mind …	Будьте ласкаві …
I do not mind …	Я не заперечую …
It is worth …	Варто (щось зробити ) …
I cannot help …	Я не можу не …
to succeed in …	досягати …
to fail …	зазнати невдачі …
to insist on …	наполягати …
to prevent from …	перешкоджати …
to be afraid of …	боятися …
to be sure of …	бути впевненим …
to be surprised at …	дивуватися …
due to …	завдяки …
in spite of …	не зважаючи на …
instead of …	замість того, щоб …

Exercise 1. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the functions of the gerund:

1. Ring up before leaving home. 2. He left London without informing us about it. 3. Would you mind bringing me a glass of water. 4. He doesn’t like being interrupted. 5. After returning to Manchester he resumed his work. 6. Upon passing his exams, he was accepted to the Academy. 7. He solved the problem by inventing a new kind of plastic. 8. You won’t get any idea of his progress without comparing the results of the tests. 9. He left the room without saying good-bye. 10. It is impossible to discuss a picture without seeing or having seen it. 11. He must not come to the party without being invited. 12. He failed entering the University. 13. He succeeded in mastering his speciality. 14. The introduction of the new method resulted in raising the productivity. 15. She is afraid of telling you the truth. 16. Instead of having been sent yesterday, the letter is still on the table. 17. I can’t help thinking about it. 18. We were told that the exhibition was worth seeing. 19. In spite of being tired he continued working. 20. The artist succeeded in revealing the inner world of his sitter.

The Gerundial Complex

Герундіальний зворот

Іменник у присвійному відмінку (student's)/ загальному відмінку, + герундій присвійний займенник(my, your, her, him, its, our, their)

I heard of your friend’s having accepted our offer.	Я чув, що ваш товариш прийняв нашу пропозицію.
Her being sent on business is quite unexpected to us.	Те, що її відправляють до відрядження, для нас зовсім несподівано.

Exercise2. Translate the following sentences containing the gerundial complex:

1. His being sent to London was quite unexpected to us. 2. I like your being attentive in class. 3. I did not know of your having been so deeply impressed by my words. 4. Excuse my interrupting you. 5. Excuse my having interrupting you. 6. We know nothing of his having published the article. 7. We were sure of the bridge having been destroyed during the stormy night. 8. We thought of their improving methods of production. 9. We have never heard of his having belonged to this scientific society. 10. I knew nothing of your having made the report. 11. His asking for help entirely changes the situation.

The Gerund and the Participle I

The Gerund	The Participle I
В функції означення
There are two ways of translating this gerund construction. Є два шляхи перкладу цього герундіального звороту.	The man translating this article knows English well. Людина, яка перекладає цю статтю, знає англійську мову добре.
В функції обставини
After reading this book the students organized a discussion. Після прочитання (прочитав) цієї книжки, студенти організували дискусію.	While reading this book he came across many inetersting expressions. Коли він читав книжку, він зустрів багато цікавих виразів.

Exercise3. Translate the following sentences. Decide what part of speech underlined words belong to:

1. I remember having met him in the south. 2. Having met the dean in the corridor, we told him the news. 3. He thanked her for her coming. 4. Upon coming to our party, he sang us some new English songs. 5. When coming into the hall I saw a group of people standing in the middle. 6. I don’t like writing letters. 7. The conference taking place in Liverpool is devoted to the problems of design. 8. The experiment being demonstrated, all the students watched it attentively. 9. The street leading to our house is very wide. 10. I heard of your sister’s having been sent abroad. 11. The architectural monuments are being restored. 12. While traveling one sees a lot of interesting things. 13. He prefers painting in oil. 13. He was against giving me an interview. 14. We knew of his having been pleased with our compositions. 15. Learning foreign language helps us to know better our native one. 16. Entering the Reading Room of the British Museum for the first time the visitor is struck by its unusual round shape. 17. A building containing a collection of books is called a library.

The Infinitive