3. Find the answers to the questions.

1. What is an operating system?

2. What are the main tasks of an operating system?

3. What does the term DOS represent?

4. What does MS-DOS stand for?

5. What types of operating system can we use for our PCs?

6. Which are the most usable?

7. Why is it important to understand an operating system?

8. Is there great difference between PC-DOS and MS-DOS? Are they closely related?

4. Complete the sentences.

1. A (an) ... is a program that controls the flow of information within a computer system.

2. Many computers can use ... .

3. ... , whereas PC-DOS is predominantly available for only IBM brand computers.

4. New and revised versions of DOS have developed as computer ... .

5. The operating system controls ... on a disk and the ... that information.

5. Match the following English words with their definitions.

1.	DOS	a.	to be adequate or satisfactory for (something)
2.	operating system	b.	to recover or make newly available (stored information) from a computer system, to find out
3.	MS-DOS	c.	a type of disk operating system
4.	to retrieve	d.	stands for disk operating system
5.	a device	e.	machine or tool used for a specific task
6.	to suffice	f.	the set of software that controls the overall operation of a computer system, typically by performing such tasks as memory allocation, job scheduling, and input/output control

6. True or false statements.

1. The operating system controls the saving of information on a disk and the retrieval of that information.

2. Because the operating system plays such an important role in a computer, leaning the basics of the operating system is important.

3. Only operating system MS-DOS remains the most common and most widely used.

4. Each new version of DOS may be described as upwardly compatible.

5. New and revised versions of DOS have developed as computer software technology has advanced.

7. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.

1. Although simple programs can be written in a few hours, programs that use complex mathematical formulas whose solutions can only be approximated or that draw data from many existing systems may require more than a year of work.

2. In most cases, several programmers work together as a team under a senior programmer’s supervision.

3. One of the purposes of an operating system is to handle the resource allocation and access protection of the hardware.

4. In November 2006, after more than five years of development work, Microsoft released Windows Vista, a major new operating system version of Microsoft Windows family, which contains a large number of new features and architectural changes.

5. Application software is generally written for use on a specific operating system, and sometimes even for specific hardware.

II Retell the text “Operating system”.

III Rendering

1. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian using a dictionary. Warm boot

To start a computer, you must load the operating system into memory. To boot means to turn the computer on and load DOS into memory. Therefore, booting a computer is loading the operating system into computer.

With DOS there are two methods for booting a computer. The first is known as a cold boot. A cold boot is the process of inserting a DOS disk into a disk drive, or making sure that DOS resides on the hard disk, and then turning on the computer. It is called a cold boot because the process begins when power to the computer is turned on.

The second type of boot is known as a warm boot. In a warm boot, DOS is loaded while power to the computer is on. In other words, the computer is already on and warned up when DOS is reloaded. Warm boots are faster than cold boot.

Sometimes operating a computer requires you to reload DOS. If the computer locks up and cannot process information, it is necessary to reboot the computer. One method is to turn the computer off and back on – cold boot. However, a cold boot may take quite some time, because DOS begins a serial of system checks. To speed up the booting progress, a warm boot only clear all memory and then reloads DOS. A warm boot does not start the series of system checks.

As a general rule, use warm boots whenever there is already power to the computer. This reduces wear and tear on the hardware and is faster and more efficient.

After the computer is successfully booted, a DOS prompt is displayed on the monitor. The DOS prompt has two components: a letter and a symbol. The letter indicates which drive is active. To change active drive, type the letter of the desired drive followed by a colon. The colon tells that the letter refers to a disk drive.

Two types of commands are available in DOS: external commands and internal commands. Internal commands are loaded into memory each time the computer is booted. External commands must be activated from the DOS directory or the DOS disk. So they are external because they are not loaded into memory with COMMAND.COM; rather, each desired external commands must be loaded into memory separately.

When you boot the computer, DOS asks for the current date and time. Both the date and the time can be set from any DOS prompt. Date and Time are internal DOS commands. To change the date or the time, enter the time or date in the prescribed format after entering the DATE or TIME command.

You can also learn what DOS prompt, type VER to display the active version of DOS and the specific type of DOS (that is PC-DOS or MS-DOS).