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БИС параллельного переферийного адаптера

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11

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STB;

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13

 

 

 

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14

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J_`bf 2 h[_ki_qb\Z_l ^\mgZijZ\e_ggmx Zkbgojhggmx i_j_^Zqm bgnhjfZ- pbb ih dZgZem : d <M b h[jZlgh Ijhp_kk h[f_gZ khijh\h`^Zxl mijZ\- eyxsbo kb]gZeh\ ih^Z\Z_fuo ih ebgbyf JK±JK HklZ\rb_ky bgl_j- n_ckguo ebgbc fh]ml gZkljZb\Zlvky \ j_`bf beb j_`bf Nmgdpbb kb]- gZeh\ mijZ\e_gby bkihevam_fuo ijb i_j_^Zq_ bgnhjfZpbb \ j_`bf_ b

15

\j_f_ggu_ khhlghr_gby f_`^m gbfb lZdb_ `_ dZd b \ j_`bf_ MijZ\e_- gb_ mklZgh\dhc \gmlj_gg_]h kb]gZeZ ,17( ^ey hi_jZpbb \\h^Z hkms_kl\- ey_lky ih ebgbb JK Z ^ey hi_jZpbb \u\h^Z±ih ebgbb JK Kb]gZe,175 nhjfbjm_lky \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl ij_^\Zjbl_evghc mklZgh\db ^\mo jZajy^h\ PC b3&ihjlZ K h^gh\j_f_ggh

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16

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17

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Ihgylb_ Centronics hlghkblky d gZ[hjm kb]gZeh\ ijhlhdhem h[f_gZ b jZat_fm mklZgZ\eb\Z_fhfm \ ijbgl_jZo ;hevrbgkl\h kh\j_f_gguo ijbg- l_jh\ kh\f_klbfu k bgl_jn_ckhf Centronics <j_f_ggZy ^bZ]jZffZ kb]gZ- eh\ h[f_gZ ^Zggufb ih mijhs_gghfm ijhlhdhem Centronics ijb\_^_gZ gZ jbkmgd_ 8.

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h[f_gZ ^Zggufb ih mijhs_gghfm

ijhlhdhem Centronics

I_j_^ZqZ ijb fbgbfZevghf gZ[hj_ mijZ\eyxsbo kb]gZeh\ gZqbgZ_lky k ijh\_jdb bklhqgb- dhf kb]gZeZ BUSY ?keb hg jZ\_g

lh bklhqgbd ijbklmiZ_l d i_j_^Zq_ [ZclZ ^Zgguo >ey i_- j_^Zqb [ZclZ bklhqgbd \uklZ\ey- _l gZ ebgbb ' ±' [Zcl ^Zg- guo b \u^Z_l kb]gZe

Ijb_fgbd ih kb]gZem 6752%( qblZ_l ^Zggu_ k rbgu ^Zgguo b \u- klZ\ey_l kb]gZe BUSY gZ \j_fy _]h h[jZ[hldb Ih hdhgqZgbb h[jZ[hldb ijb_fgbd kgbfZ_l kb]gZe BUSY. ?keb ihke_ ijb_fZ [ZclZ ijb_fgbd ih dZ- dhc eb[h ijbqbg_ g_ ]hlh\ ijbgbfZlv ^Zggu_ lh hg g_ kgbfZ_l kb]gZe BUSY Ijb ijh]jZffghc j_ZebaZpbb h[f_gZ ih mdZaZgghfm ijhlhdhem `_- eZl_evgh h]jZgbqblv \j_fy h`b^Zgby kgylby BUSY h[uqgh ± k_d bgZq_ \hafh`gh aZ\bkZgb_ ijh]jZffu

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18

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19

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