- •Unit 1
- •Text a: “about myself”
- •Vocabulary:
- •Text b: “my biography”
- •I like coffee and tea. Friendship is very important in our life.
- •I told Jane about that.
- •I have read page eight of the magazine.
- •I don't know the name of this pupil.
- •The boy's books — The boys' books
- •Unit 2
- •Text a: «my working day»
- •Vocabulary:
- •Text в: «nick's usual working day»
- •§ 1. Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий
- •Interesting — more (less) interesting — most (least) interesting,
- •§ 2. Порядок слов в английском предложении
- •§ 3. Основные типы вопросов, используемые в английском языке
- •Порядок слов в специальном вопросе
- •1. Общие
- •2. Специальные
- •3. Разделительные
- •Unit 3
- •Vocabulary:
- •I cannot find this book anywhere.
- •Unit 4
- •Vocabulary:
- •§1. Местоимения little и few и местоименные выражения a little и a few.
- •I have a few friends in Minsk I've got only few pencils in the box.
- •§2. Оборот there is / there are.
- •Unit 5
- •Text a: «the russian federation»
- •Vocabulary:
- •Text b: «moscow»
- •Grammar
- •§1. Времена английского глагола.
- •§2. Правильные и неправильные глаголы.
- •Unit 6
- •Vocabulary:
- •1) Land, 2) Climate, 3) Population, 4) Ethnic groups, 5) Economy.
- •Grammar
- •Unit 7
- •Text a: «the united states of america»
- •Vocabulary:
- •Text в: «transport system of the usa»
- •Roads and Railways
- •§1. Согласование времен в главном и придаточном предложениях
- •§2. Страдательный залог (Passive Voice).
- •Unit 8
- •Text a: "higher education in the uk»
- •Vocabulary:
- •§1. Сложное дополнение (Complex object)
- •§2. Причастие и герундий. Их отличие
- •1. Определения:
- •2. Обстоятельства:
- •1. Определения.
- •Unit 9
- •Text a: "my future profession"
- •Vocabulary:
- •1) What kind of work are you interested in?
- •2) What position would you like to have?
- •Text b «the future of the engineering profession»
- •§1. Придаточные предложения условия и времени, действие которых отнесено к будущему
- •§2. Сослагательное наклонение в условных предложениях
- •I. Text a: «Metals», Text b: «Steel», Text c: «Methods of steel heat treatment»
- •II. Famous Scientists. Dmitry Ivanovlch Mendeleyev. Text a: «metals»
- •Vocabulary:
- •Text в: «steel»
- •Vocabulary:
- •Text с: «methods of steel heat treatment»
- •Vocabulary:
- •Metalworking
- •Vocabulary:
- •Text в: «drawing»
- •Sheet metal forming
- •Forging
- •Vocabulary:
- •Text c: «metalworking and metal propeties»
- •Vocabulary
- •Materials science and technology
- •Text a: «mechanical properties Of materials»
- •Vocabulary
- •Text в: «Mechanical Properties of Materials»
- •Vocabulary
- •Machine-tools
- •Vocabulary:
- •Text b: «lathe»
- •Vocabulary:
- •Text с: «milling machine»
- •Drilling and Boring Machines
- •Shapers and Planers
- •Grinders
- •Vocabulary:
- •Text d: «dies»
- •Vocabulary:
- •Unit 5
- •Vocabulary:
- •Text в: «types of plastics»
- •1. Epoxy resin.
- •3. Polystyrene.
- •Vocabulary:
- •Text с: «composite materials»
- •Vocabulary:
- •Unit 6
- •Gas Welding
- •Vocabulary:
- •Text в: «other types of welding»
- •Gas-Metal Arc
- •Submerged Arc
- •Vocabulary
- •Famous people of science and technology
- •Unit 7
- •Automation in Industry
- •Vocabulary:
- •Text в: «types of automation»
- •Vocabulary
- •Text c: «robots in manufacturing»
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •Text b: «hardware»
- •Vocabulary:
- •Text c: "types of software»
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •Text b: «windows 95»
- •Vocabulary:
- •4) Create a textual file in WordPad program. Save it as text. Rename it as myfile. Create a shortcut for it. Put the shortcut on the DeskTop.
- •Text c: «introduction to the www and the internet»
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Alloys
- •2. Manufacturing of plastics
- •3. Principles and process of polymerisation in plastics production
- •4. Resins
- •5. Industrial plastics:
- •6. Basic principles of welding
- •7. Gear
- •8. Bearings
- •9. Construction of an automobile
- •10. Two-stroke and diesel engines
- •11. Direct-current (dc) generators
- •12. Ac motors
- •13. Engineering as a profession
- •14. Automation in industry. Fixed and programmable automation
- •15. History of robotics
- •16. Measurements
- •17. Computers
- •18. History and future of the internet
- •19. Agricultural machinery
- •I come from Russia. — я из России.
17. Computers
Computer is an electronic device that can receive a program (a set of instructions) and then carry out this program by calculating numerical information.
The modern world of high technology is possible mainly due to the development of the computer. Computers have opened up a new era in manufacturing by means of automation, and they have enhanced modern communication systems.
Personal computers
Personal computers are also called microcomputers or home computer. The most compact are called laptops. They are portable and work on built-in batteries.
Personal computers are designed for use at homes, schools, and offices. At home they can be used for home management (balancing the family finances, for example) and for playing computer games, watching films or listening to music. Schoolchildren can use computers for doing their homework and many schools now have computers for independent learning and computer-literacy studies. In the office personal computers may be used for word processing, bookkeeping, storage and handling of necessary information.
Personal computers were made possible by two technical innovations in the field of microelectronics: the integrated circuit, or IС, which was developed in 1959 and the microprocessor that first appeared in 1971. The IС permitted the miniaturization of computer-memory circuits, and the microprocessor reduced the size of a computer's CPU to the size of a single silicon chip.
Because a CPU calculates, performs logical operations, contains operating instructions, and manages data flows, a complete microcomputer as a separate system was designed and developed in 1974.
In 1981, IBM Company offered its own microcomputer model, the IBM PC that became a necessary tool for almost every business. The PC's use of a 16-bit microprocessor initiated the development of faster and more powerful personal computers, and its use of an operating system that was available to all other computer makers led to a standardisation of the industry.
In the mid-1980s, a number of other developments were especially important for the growth of personal computers. One of these was the introduction of a powerful 32-bit CPU capable of running advanced operating systems at high speeds.
Another innovation was the use of conventional operating systems, such as UNIX, OS/2 and Windows. The Apple Macintosh computers were the first to allow the user to select icons — graphic symbols of computer functions — from a display screen instead of typing commands. New voice-controlled systems are now available, and users are able to use the words and syntax of spoken language to operate their personal computers.
18. History and future of the internet
The Internet technology was created by Vinton Cerf in early 1973 as part of a project headed by Robert Kahn and conducted by the Advanced Research Projects Agency, part of the United States Department of Defence. Later Cerf made many efforts to build and standardise the Internet. In 1984 the technology and the network were turned over to the private sector and to government scientific agencies for further development. The growth has continued exponentially. Service-provider companies that make «gateways» to the Internet available to home and business users enter the market in ever-increasing numbers. By early 1995, access was available in 180 countries and more than 30 million users used the Internet. The Internet and its technology continue to have a profound effect in promoting the exchange of information, making possible rapid transactions among businesses, and supporting global collaboration among individuals and organisations. More than 100 million computers are connected via the global Internet in 2000, and even more are attached to enterprise internets. The development of the World Wide Web leads to the rapid introduction of new business tools and activities that may lead to annual business transactions on the Internet worth hundreds of billions of dollars.