SURGICAL ANATOMY by Joseph Maclise

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Title: Surgical Anatomy

Author: Joseph Maclise

Release Date: January 27, 2008 [EBook #24440]

Language: English

Character set encoding: ASCII

*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SURGICAL ANATOMY ***

Produced by Don Kostuch

[Transcriber's Notes]

Thanks to Carol Presher of Timeless Antiques, Valley, Alabama, for lending the original book for this production. The 140 year old binding had disintegrated, but the paper and printing was in amazingly good condition, particularly the multicolor images.

Thanks also to the Mayo Clinic. This book has increased my appreciation of their skilled care of my case by showing the many ways that things could go wrong.

Footnotes are indicated by "[Footnote]" where they appear in the text. The body of the footnote appears immediately following the complete paragraph. If more than one footnote appears in the same paragraph, they are numbered.

A few obvious misspellings have been corrected. Several cases of alternate spelling of the same(?) word have not been modified.

Pages have been reorganized to avoid splitting sentences and paragraphs. Each image is inserted immediately following its description.

Some of the plates did not fit on the scanner and were captured as two separate images. The merged images show some artifacts of the merge process due to slightly different lighting of the page. The contrast and gamma values have been adjusted to restore the images.

To view a figure while reading the corresponding text, try opening the file in two windows. For some viewers, you may have to copy the file and open both the copy and the original.

Here are the definitions of some words used in the text. Medical terms are defined only relating to humans. Words are omitted that have ambiguous or technical meanings not expressible in lay language.

acromial (acromion)

Outward end of the spine of the scapula or shoulder blade.

adipose

Consisting of, resembling, or relating to fat.

anasarca

Pronounced, generalized edema; accumulation of serous fluid in various tissues and cavities of the body.

anastomosing (anastomoses, anastomosis)

Communication between blood vessels by means of collateral channels, when usual routes are obstructed. Opening between two organs or spaces that normally are not connected.

aneurism

Localized blood-filled dilatation of a blood vessel caused by disease or weakening of the vessel's wall.

anthropotomist (anthropotomy) One versed in human anatomy.

aorta (aortic)

Main trunk of the arterial system, conveying blood from the left ventricle of the heart to all of the body except the lungs.

apices (plural of apex)

Pointed end of an object; the tip.

aponeurosis

Sheet-like fibrous membrane, resembling a flattened tendon, that serves as a fascia to bind muscles together or as a means of connecting muscle to bone.

armamentaria

Complete equipment of a physician or medical institution, including books, supplies, and instruments.

auscultation

Listening, either directly or through a stethoscope or other instrument, to sounds within the body as a method of diagnosis.

axilla (axillary) Armpit.

azygos

Occurring singly; not one of a pair.

bifid

Separated or cleft into two equal parts or lobes.

biliary

Relating to bile, the bile ducts, or the gallbladder; transporting bile.

bistoury

Long, narrow surgical knife for minor incisions.

bougie

Slender, flexible instrument introduced into body passages, to dilate, examine, or medicate.

brachial (brachio) Belonging to the arm.

bubonocele

Inguinal hernia, in which the protrusion of the intestine is limited to the region of the groin.

cannula

Metal tube for insertion into the body to draw off fluid or to introduce medication.

carotid

Two large arteries, one on each side of the head.

cephalic

Relating to the head.

cervical

Pertaining to the neck.

chlorotic

Benign iron-deficiency anemia in adolescent girls, marked by a pale yellow-green complexion.

clavicle

Either of two slender bones extending from the upper part of the sternum (breastbone) to the shoulder.

coaptation

Joining together of two surfaces, such as the edges of a wound or the ends of a broken bone.

condyle

Smooth surface area at the end of a bone, forming part of a joint.

costal

Pertaining to the ribs or the upper sides of the body.

cremaster

Suspensory muscle of the testis.

crural

Relating to the leg or thigh.

director

A smoothly grooved instrument used with a knife to limit the incision of tissues.

distal

Situated away from the point of origin or attachment.

dropsy (dropsical) (edema)

Swelling from excessive accumulation of watery fluid in cells, tissues, or serous cavities

emphysema

Chronic, irreversible disease of the lungs; abnormal enlargement of air spaces in the lungs accompanied by destruction of the tissue lining the walls of the air spaces.

emunctory

Organ or duct that removes or carries waste from the body.

epigastric (epigastrium)

Upper middle region of the abdomen.

episternal

See sternum.

esophagus

See oesophagus.

euphoneously (euphoniously)

Pleasant in sound; agreeable to the ear;

exigence

Urgency, need, demand, or requirement intrinsic to a circumstance.

extravasation

Exuding or passing out of a vessel into surrounding tissues; said of blood, lymph or urine

fascia

A band of connective tissue supporting, or binding together internal organs or parts of the body.

femoral

Pertaining to, or situated at, in, or near the thigh or femur.

fistula

Abnormal duct or passage resulting from injury, disease, or a congenital disorder that connects an abscess, cavity, or hollow organ to the body surface or to another hollow organ.

foramen (foramina)

Opening, orifice, or short passage, as in a bone.

fossa (fossae)

Small cavity or depression, as in a bone.

hepatic

Pertaining to the liver.

herniae (hernia)

Protrusion of an organ or tissue through an opening in its surrounding walls, especially in the abdomen.

humerus

Bone in the arm of humans extending from the shoulder to the elbow.

hydragogue

Cathartics that aid in the removal of edematous fluids and thus promote the discharge of watery fluid from the bowels.

hydrocele

An accumulation of serous fluid, usually about the testis.

hydrops

See dropsy. Edema.

iliac artery

Common iliac artery--either of two large arteries that conduct blood to the pelvis and the legs. External iliac artery--the outer branch of an iliac artery that becomes the femoral artery. Hypogastric artery--internal iliac artery; the inner branch of an iliac artery that conducts blood to the gluteal region.

infundibuliform

Shaped like a funnel.

inguinal

Relating to, or located in the groin.

innominate

Designated parts otherwise unnamed; as, the innominate artery, a great branch of the arch of the aorta; the innominate vein, a great branch of the superior vena cava.

inosculate

Unite by openings; connect or join so as to become or make continuous, as fibers; blend, unite intimately

integument

Natural covering, coating, enclosure, etc., as a skin, shell, or rind.

laryngotomy

Cutting into the larynx, from the outside of the neck, to assist respiration, or to remove foreign bodies.

ligature

Thread or wire for constriction of blood vessels or for removing tumors by strangulation.

lithotomy

Surgery to remove one or more stones from an organ or duct.

meatus

Body opening such as the opening of the ear or the urethral canal.

metamorphosis

Profound change in form from one stage to the next, as from the caterpillar to the pupa and from the pupa to the adult butterfly.

micturition

Passing urine; urination.

nares (naris)

Nostrils or the nasal passages.

nisus

Effort or endeavor to realize an aim.

occiput

Back part of the head or skull.

oesophagus (esophagus)

Muscular membranous tube for the passage of food from the pharynx to the stomach.

osseous

Bone, bony;

palmar

Pertaining to, or located in the palm of the hand.

paracentesis

Puncture of the wall of a cavity to drain off fluid.

parietes

Wall of a body part, organ, or cavity.

parotid

Salivary gland situated at the base of each ear; near the ear.

percussion

Striking or tapping the surface the body for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.

pericardii (pericardium)

A double membranous sac protecting the heart. The layer in contact with the heart is referred to as the visceral layer, the outer layer in contact with surrounding organs is the parietal pericardium.

peritoneum (peritonaeum)

Serous membrane that lines the walls of the abdominal cavity and folds inward to enclose the viscera.

pharynx (pharyngeal)

The cavity, with its surrounding membrane and muscles, that connects the mouth and nasal passages with the esophagus.

physiology (physiologist)

Biological study of the functions of living organisms and their parts.

platysma

Broad, thin muscle on each side of the neck, from the upper part of the shoulder to the corner of the mouth. They wrinkle the skin of the neck and depresses the corner of the mouth.

pleura

Thin serous membrane in mammals that envelops each lung and folds back to make a lining for the chest cavity.

pleuritic (pleurisy)

Inflammation of the pleura, often as a complication of a disease such as pneumonia, accompanied by accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity, chills, fever, and painful breathing and coughing.

plexus

Network, as of nerves or blood vessels.

pneumothorax

Air or gas in the pleural cavity.

popliteal

Relating to the hollow part of the leg behind the knee joint.

probang

Long, slender, elastic rod with a sponge at the end. It is introduced into the esophagus or larynx to remove foreign bodies or introduce medication.

pudic

Pertaining to the external organs of generation.

pyriform

Shaped like a pear.

radius

Bone of the forearm on the thumb side. (See ulnar)

ramus

A branch, as of a nerve, or blood vessel.

raphe

Seamlike union between two parts or halves of an organ.

ratiocination

Logical reasoning.

sacculated

Formed with or having saclike expansions.

scirrhus

Hard dense cancerous growth usually arising from connective tissue.

septa

Thin partition dividing two cavities or soft masses of tissue.

sternum

Bones extending along the middle line of the ventral portion of the body of most vertebrates, consisting in humans of a flat, narrow bone connected with the clavicles and the true ribs; breastbone.

stricture

Abnormal narrowing of a duct or passage.

subclavian

Beneath the clavicle.

submaxillary

Pertaining to the lower jaw.

sui generis

The only example of its kind; a class of its own; unique

superficies

Outward appearance.

sutural

Junction of two bones.

symphysis

Growing together, or the fixed or nearly fixed union, of bones.

taxis

Replacing of a displaced part, or the reducing of a hernia, by manipulation without cutting.

tegument (tegumentary, integument) Natural outer covering.

thorax (thoracic)

Trunk between the neck and the abdomen, containing the cavity enclosed by the ribs, sternum, and certain vertebrae, containing the heart, lungs, etc.; chest.

trachea (tracheal)

Tube descending from the larynx to the bronchi and carrying air to the lungs. Windpipe.

trephine (trephining)

Small circular saw with a center pin mounted on a strong hollow metal shaft, used to remove circular disks of bone from the skull.

trocar

Sharp-pointed instrument enclosed in a cannula, used for withdrawing fluid from a cavity, as the abdominal cavity.

tunica vaginalis

Pouch of serous membrane covering the testis and derived from the peritoneum.

venesection (venisection, phlebotomy)

Opening a vein by incision or puncture to remove blood as a therapeutic treatment.

viz.

Contraction of the Latin "videre licet" meaning "it is permissible to see," The -z- is not a letter, but originally a twirl, representing the symbol for the ending -et. Usually read as "namely."

ulnar

Bone of the forearm on the side opposite to the thumb. (See radius)

[End Transcriber's Notes]

SURGICAL ANATOMY

BY

JOSEPH MACLISE

FELLOW OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS.

WITH SIXTY-EIGHT COLOURED PLATES.

PHILADELPHIA:

BLANCHARD AND LEA. 1859.

[Stamped by owner: John D. Warren, Physician & Surgeon.]