1. Дайте русский эквивалент речевых отрезков, модальный глагол которых имеет значение:

1. могу, мог, сможет;

2. должен (должно);

3. можно (может быть, возможно).

1) 1. the amount must be reached; 2. the task is to be executed in time; 3. the scientist may choose; 4. the results can be reprocessed; 5. the information had to be distributed equally; 6. the fact cannot be denied; 7. the magnetic field may be defined; 8. there must be a close relation; 9. the matter is to be considered; 10. he could calculate the intensity; 11. the measurement should be accurate; 12. the students were able to observe; 13. they may have discussed the problem; 14. you should be careful with acids; 15. the participants of the conference will be able to make their reports.

2. Найдите модальные глаголы в предложениях и дайте их русские эквиваленты:

1. You should remember the names of the scientists who have made a great contribution to the study of semiconductor physics.

2. You may use carbon steel in the construction of this building.

3. She cannot explain the properties of this group of alloys.

4. The students needed to study the influence of temperature on the strength of plastics.

5. I can do research on semiconductors now.

6. I want to become a materials engineer but I don’t know what I must study.

7. You may apply alloy steels for various engineering purposes.

8. The engineers can use copper for electrical conductors.

9. They could do research on copper alloys last term.

10. Students mustn’t be late for their classes.

11. We are to carry out a lot of experiments in our new laboratory next year.

12. Alex must perform all the experiments according to the instructions.

13. You ought to be more attentive in the laboratory.

14. They might have completed the research in that field.

3. Найдите предложения, в которых глагол «to be» переводится как «должен», «должен был», «должен будет».

1. The main task of this article was to show the results of the research.

2. The analogue systems of television are to be replaced by digital systems in the near future.

3. The lecture was to begin at 9 o’clock.

4. Our aim is to study well.

5. The participants of the conference are to arrive tomorrow.

6. This personal computer has been constructed at our lab.

7. It was Faraday who discovered the electromagnetic induction.

8. The next logical step is to apply electronic methods.

9. The professor is to make a report at the conference.

10. The machine was to be tested by the workers two hours ago.

11. The quality of these metal parts is to be very high.

12. The scientists are carrying on an important research.

13. Measuring temperature is necessary in many experiments.

14. For many centuries men were interested in obtaining new sources of energy.

4. Найдите предложения, в которых глагол «to have» переводится как «должен», «должен был», «должен будет».

1. You have to remember the names of the scientists who have made a great contribution to the study of semiconductor physics.

2. Optical computers will have two important advantages over the electronic machines in use today.

3. Efficient long-distance communication had to wait for the discovery of electricity.

4. Most research has been done on crystalline semiconductors such as silicon and germanium.

5. The computer will have to do a great deal of work to analyze the data.

6. Robots have shown scientists many of the things they will have to watch out for.

7. Many businessmen have to write a great many letters which are very much the same.

8. Very few of the robots we have talked about up to now have looked like men.

9. A rocket will have specially designed seats to protect its passengers.

10. I had my laptop repaired yesterday.