Insulin increases the activities of all of the following enzymes, except

A. Glycogen synthase

B. Glucokinase

C. Proteinkinase C

*D. Pyruvate carboxylase

E. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase

Choose the hormone whose secretion is suppressed at diabetes insipidus in patient:

A. Somatotropin

*B. Vasopressin

C. Melatonin

D. Thyrotropin

E. Oxytocin

Which of the following is anabolic hormone:

A. Somatostatin

*B. Insulin

C. Glucagon

D. Epinephrine

E. Aldosterone

Products of some proteins hydrolysis and modification are the biologically active substances called hormones. Lipotropin, corticotrophin, melanotropin and endorphins are synthesized in the hypophysis of the following protein:

A. Neurostromin

*B. Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)

C. Neuroglobulin

D. Thyroglobulin

E. Neuroalbumin

Prostaglandin synthesis is partially switched off by:

A. Reductase activation

B. HMP reductase

C. Lipoxygenase inhibition

*D. Cyclooxygenase inhibition

E. Peroxidase

Choose the condition for stimulation of glucagon secretion by pancreas:

A. High levels of calcium ions in the blood

B. Low levels of calcium in the blood

C. Low levels of glucocorticoids in the blood

D. High levels of pyruvic acid in the blood

*E. Low levels of glucose in the blood

A 32-year-old female patient consulted a doctor about the absence of lactation after parturition. Such disorder might be explained by the deficit of the following hormone:

A. Glucagon

B. Somatotropin

C. Vasopressin

*D. Prolactin

E. Thyrocalcitonin

Prostaglandin is a product of:

A. Hydrogen peroxide myeloperoxidase halogen system

B. Lipooxygenase system

C. A type of vasoactive system

*D. Cyclooxygenase system

E. Complement system

Acromegaly in patient is associated with excessive synthesis of a hormone:

A. Melatonin

B. Vasopressin

*C. Somatotropin

D. Oxytocin

E. Thyrotropin

The shortest peptide in this list is:

A. Vasopressin

B. Angiotensin II

C. Oxytocin

*D. Encephalin

E. Glucagon

In some regions of South Africa there is a spread sickle-shaped cell anemia, in which erythrocytes have shape od a sickle as a result of substitution of glutamine by valine in the hemoglobin molecule. What is the cause of this disease?

*A. Gene mutation

B. Disturbance of mechanisms of genetic information realization

C. Genomic mutations

D. Crossingover

E. Transduction

RNA that contains AIDS virus penetrated into a leukocyte and by means of reverse transcriptase forced a cell to synthesize a viral DNA. This process is based upon:

*A. Reverse transcription

B. Convariant replication

C. Operon depression

D. Operon repression

E. Reverse translation

Methotrexate (structural analogue of the folic acid which is competitive inhibitor of the dihydrofolatreductase) is prescribed for treatment of the malignant tumour. On which level does methotrexate hinder synthesis of the nucleic acids?

A. Reparation

*B. Mononucleotide synthesis

C. Replication

D. Processing

E. Transcription

RNA-polymerase B (II) is blocked due to amanitin poisoning (poison of death-cup). What process is disturbed:

A. Primer synthesis

B. Synthesis of t-RNA

C. Reverse transcription

*D. Synthesis of m-RNA

E. Maturation of m-RNA

An experiment proved that UV-radiated cells of patients with xeroderma pigmentosum restore the native DNA structure slower than cells of healthy individuals as a result of reparation enzyme defection. What enzyme helps this process?

A. DNA polymerase III

B. DNA gyrase

C. RNA ligase

*D. Endonuclease

E. Primase

46-year-old patient complains of pain in joints that becomes stronger the day before the weather changes. Blood examination revealed an increased concentration of uric acid. This substance is accumulated in the blood of the patient due to intensive degradation of the following substance:

A. Cytidine monophosphate

*B. Adenosine monophosphate

C. Uridine triphosphate

D. Uridine monophosphate

E. Thymidine monophosphate

It was found out that some compounds for instance fungi toxins and some antibiotics can inhibit activity of RNA-polymerase II. What process will be disturbed in eukaryotic cell in a case of inhibition of this enzyme?

*A. Transcription

B. Reparation

C. Replication

D. Processing

E. Translation

Pterin derivatives (aminopterin and methotrexate) are the inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase so that they inhibit the regeneration of tetrahydrofolic acid from dihydrofolate. These drugs inhibit the intermolecular transfer of monocarbon groups, thus suppressing the synthesis of following polymer:

A. Glycosaminoglycans

B. Homopolysaccharides

*C. DNA

D. Protein

E. Gangliosides

At the stage of translation in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, the ribosome moves along the mRNA. Amino acids are joined together by peptide bonds in a specific sequence, and thus polypeptide synthesis takes place. The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide corresponds to the sequence of:

A. rRNA nucleotides

B. rRNA anticodons

*C. mRNA codons

D. tRNA nucleotides

E. tRNA anticodons