1 И 9. 1(The introduction to the history of the uk of the gb). 9(Celtic and pre-Celtic people)

The term pre-Celtic people refers to the period in the prehistory of Central and Western Europe postdating the emergence of Proto-Celtic and predating the expansion of the Celts in the course of the earlier Irion Age (9^th to 6^th centuries BC). Celtic people lived in a territory of France, Belgium, Spain and the British Isles. They moved to the British Isles. Their clothes were made of wood with silk parts on it for rich people. Celts had their own calendar that was divided into 3 parts, each one for 4 months.

Celts were tall, fair and well-built. Their skills were hunting and fishing.

Druids – they were the same celts, but they knew chemistry. They were the users of mystery knowledges. They were rather good teachers and doctors. They knew the mysteries of plants.

2. The official name of the country, its territory, status, population, capital, The English Flag

Official name: The United Kingdom of Great Britain.Territory: about 244 000 кв.км. One of the smallest countries. It is separated from the continent by English Channel and the strait of drover. Population: about 61 million people. Official language: English (welsh, Scottish, cornish). Capital: London.Government: Parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy. Monarch – Elizabeth II. Prime Minister – Gordon Brown. Parliament consist of House of Lords and House of Commons. Currency – Pound sterling. Flag – Union Flag «Union Jack» consist of Red Cross of St. George, white cross of St.Andrew, red diagonal cross – cross of St. Patrick.

3. Geographical position, landscape, climate and weather

Geographical position: the British isles are situated on the north-west coast of Europe and once formed part of that continent. It lies between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, separated by France by the English channel. Comprising of the Island of GB, the island of North-Ireland and smaller islands. Consist of 4 parts: Eng, Scotl, Wales, North-Ireland.

Climate: mild, warmed by Gulf stream, plentiful rainfall all year round. The driest period – March, June.

The wettest – October, January.

3 futures – mild, humid, changeable.

Never too hot or too cold.

Most of the country consist of lowland terrain, with mountainous terrain. Main rivers – Thames, Severn, Humber.

There are many forests.

4. London

The capital of the UK. First called Londinium. Area – 1580 кв. км.

Population – 7,6 million people.London is the financial centre of the UK.

Consist of 4 parts: East End (port, factories), City (financial), West End, West Minster Abbey.

London Heathrow Airport - metropolitan area.

Climate - mild.

Local government - greater London authority consist of 2 parts - mayor of London and London Assembly

5.England

Location: the central and the southern part of the island of Great Britain

Population: 51 million

Capital: London

Climate: temperate maritime.

Symbols red rose, oak of St. George

Main cities Manchester, Newcastle, London

Industry: agriculture, fishing, wool industry, shipbuilding, heavy machinery

Flora and Fauna:

Vegetation of grasses and flowering plants, oak, elm, there are few reptiles and amphibians, foxes, hares, rabbits, weasels.

Government:Constitutional monarchy

6. Wales

Location: bordered by England to East, and the Atlantic Ocean, Irish sea

Population: 3 million

Capital: Cardiff

Largest city: Cardiff (320 000 people)

Climate: moderate and oceanic

Symbols: daffodil, leek. Saint Patron – St. David. St. David’s day – is a national holiday.

Industry: coal mining, steel production, engineering

Government: constitutional monarchy

Official lang.: English and Welsh.

7. Northern Ireland:

Location: north-east of the island of Ireland

Population: 1,8 million

Capital : Belfast

Industry: heavy industries, shipbuilding, textiles, agriculture, high tech technologies

Largest cities: Londonderry, Lisburn, Armagh

Climate: mild, temperate

Symbols: Harp, Shamrock, white ribbon

Flora and Fauna: flowering plants, oak, elm, hares, hedgehogs, rabbits, weasels, kittiwakes, shags

Government: constitutional monarchy

Area: 84 000 кв.км.

Official language – Irish, English

8.Scotland

Location: the northern third of the island of Great Britain

Population: over 5 million people

Capital : Edinburgh

Industry: Fishing industry, the textile industry, oil recovery, shipbuilding, light industry ,the heavy industry

Largest city: Glasgow

Climate: mild, temperate

Symbols: thistle, unicorn, bagpipe

Flora and fauna

Fauna: Lynx, Brown Bear, Wolf, Elk and Walrus. There are important populations of seals and a variety of seabirds such as Gannets. The Golden Eagle (national icon).

The flora: woodland, moorland and tundra species.

Area: about 80 000 кв.км.

Flag: St. Andrew’s cross