Foreign trade

Задание 1. Прочитайте следующие слова, обращая внимание на звук [ə:]:

sir her return observe

earn earner earnings service

terms person personal surplus

Задание 2. Прочитайте следующие слова, обращая внимание на ударение:

to im'port	'imports	'export figures
to ex'port	'exports	visible 'exports
to in'crease	'increase	rising 'exports
to dec'rease	'decrease	the world's 'exports
to pre'sent	'present	British 'exports
to ex'tract	'extract	principal 'exports

Задание 3. Выпишите из текста определение следующих терминов:

1. visible imports __________________________________________________

2. GNP _________________________________________________________

3. balance of trade _________________________________________________

4. invisible imports _________________________________________________

5. balance of payments ______________________________________________

6. a surplus _______________________________________________________

7. a deficit ________________________________________________________

Basic terms in foreign trade

Countries buy and sell various goods as well as various services. Goods bought from abroad, such as food, cars, machines, medicines, books and many others, are called visible imports. Goods sold abroad are called visible exports.

Services, such as insurance, freight, tourism, technical expertise and others, are called invisible imports and invisible exports.

The total amount of money a country makes in­cluding money from visible and invisible exports, for a certain period of time, usually for a year, is Gross National Product, or GNP.

The difference between a country's total earnings or GNP, and its total expenditure is called its bal­ance of payments.

The difference between what a country receives for its visible exports and what it pays for its visible imports is its balance of trade. If a country sells more goods than it buys, it will have a surplus. If a country buys more than it sells, it will have a deficit.

Vocabulary

foreign		иностранный, внешний
medicine		медикаменты
* visible * ant. invisible		видимый невидимый
*imports * ant. exports		импорт экспорт
abroad		за границу
* freight		фрахтование, фрахт
expertise		экспертиза, знания
total		общий
* Gross National Product		валовой национальный продукт
* earnings		доходы, поступления
to balance		балансировать, уравновешивать
balance		баланс, остаток
* balance of payments		платежный баланс
* balance of trade * syn. trade balance		торговый баланс
* surplus		излишек, активное сальдо

Задание 4. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующее слово в скобках:

1. Goods sold to other countries, such as food, cars, machines, medicines, books, musical instruments, cassettes, discs and many others, are (visible, invisible) exports.

2. Services, such as insurance, freight, tourism, technical expertise, medical operations and others sold to other countries are invisible (imports, exports).

3. The difference between total earnings of a country and its total expenditure is called its balance of (payments, trade).

4. The difference between a country's earnings for its visible export and expenditure for its visible imports is called its balance of (payments, trade).

5. The difference between a country's GNP and its total expenditure is called its balance of (payments, trade).

6. The total amount of money a country earns including exports, for a certain period of time is called (GDP, GNP).

7. The amount of money a country earns for goods and services inside the country is called (GDP, GNP).

8. If a country sells more goods than it buys it will have a (deficit, surplus).

Задание 5. Закончите следующие предложения:

1. Gross National Product is the total amount __________________________

2. Gross Domestic Product is _______________________________________

3. Invisible exports and imports are __________________________________

4. Visible exports and imports are ___________________________________

5. A country's balance of payments is ________________________________

6. A country's trade balance is ______________________________________

Задание 6. Изучите данную таблицу:

Balance of payments (£ mln ) The balance of payments is a measure of Britain's trading position in relation to the rest of the world. Exports and imports (visible trade) in addition to invisibles (including tourism, banking and insurance) are taken into account in determining the balance of payments. This balance illustrates whether the UK has a surplus of income over expenditure or deficit:
Year	Visible Exports	Visible Import	Visible Balance	Invisible Balance	Current Balance (-deficit/+surplus
1965	4 848	5 071	-223	+198	-25
1970	8 121	8 163	-42	+818	+776
1975	19 463	22 699	-3 236	+1 615	-1 621
1980	47 389	46 211	+1 178	+228	+3 206
1981	50 977	47 325	+3 652	+3 652	+7 272
1982	55 565	53 181	+2 384	+3 167	+5 551
1983	60 658	61 158	-500	+2 549	+2 049
1984	70 367	74 751	-4 384	+5 858	+1 474
1985	78 111	80 289	-2 178	+5 097	+2 919
1986	72 843	81 306	-8463	+7 483	-980
1987	79 421	90 350	-10 929	+7 106	-3 822
1988	80 602	101 428	-20 826	+6 154	-14762
1989	92 526	115 638	-23 112	+2 261	-20 651
1990	102 038	120 713	-18 675	+4 295	-14 380
1991	103 804	113 770	-9 966	+4 187	-5 779

Задание 7. Скажите:

1. how visible balance is calculated, taking 1965 as an example

2. if the figures of invisible exports and invisible imports are given in the table

3. how current balance is calculated

4. which the most favourable year for Great Britain during that period was

5. which the least favourable year for the country within this period was

Note:

to deduct — вычитать

to subtract — вычитать

Задание 8. Прослушайте текст об экономике стран Aland и Beland, заполните таблицу:

	Aland (in $m)	Beland (in $m)
visible exports	a	b
visible imports	с	d
balance of trade	e	f
invisible exports	g	h
invisible imports	i	j
balance of payments	к	1
gdp	m	n
gnp	о	p

Задание 9. Используя предыдущую информацию, составьте восемь предложений:

Aland	had a	balance of trade	deficit	of...
		balance of payments
Beland		gdp	surplus
		gnp